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Platelet transfusion, also known as platelet concentrate, is used to prevent or treat bleeding in people with either a low platelet count or poor platelet function. [1] Often this occurs in people receiving cancer chemotherapy . [ 1 ]
Platelets collected by using apheresis at an American Red Cross donation center. Not all platelet transfusions use platelets collected by automated apheresis. The platelets can also be separated from donations of whole blood collected in a traditional blood donation, but there are several advantages to separating the platelets at the time of collection.
Platelet transfusion is contraindicated in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), as it fuels the coagulopathy. Platelet transfusion is generally ineffective, and thus contraindicated, for prophylaxis in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), because the transfused platelets are immediately cleared; however, it is indicated to treat bleeding. [70]
Abciximab has a plasma half-life of about ten minutes, with a second phase half-life of about 30 minutes. However, its effects on platelet function can be seen for up to 48 hours after the infusion has been terminated, and low levels of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade are present for up to 15 days after the infusion is terminated.
In addition, given the short life span of transfused platelets, transfusions are needed regularly, increasing the overall risk of death of the baby. If intrauterine platelet transfusions are performed, they are generally repeated weekly (platelet lifespan after transfusion is approximately 8 to 10 days).
The first blood transfusion from animal to human was administered by Dr. Jean-Baptiste Denys, eminent physician to King Louis XIV of France, on June 15, 1667. [82] He transfused the blood of a sheep into a 15-year-old boy, who survived the transfusion. [83] Denys performed another transfusion into a labourer, who also survived.
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Factor V is produced by megakaryocytes, which produce platelets and platelet-derived factor V, and hepatocytes, which produce plasma-derived factor V. [9] The molecule circulates in plasma as a single-chain molecule with a plasma half-life of 12–36 hours. [10] Factor V is able to bind to activated platelets and is activated by thrombin.