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Common blue males usually have wings that are blue above with a black-brown border and a white fringe. The females are usually brown above with a blue dusting and orange spots. [4] Mating in Buckinghamshire male left; female right. The Common blue was elected as the national butterfly of Israel in 2023. [5]
The list comprises butterfly species listed in The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland by Emmet et al. [1] and Britain's Butterflies by Tomlinson and Still. [2] A study by NERC in 2004 found there has been a species decline of 71% of butterfly species between 1983 and 2003. [3]
The chalkhill blue (Lysandra coridon) is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is a small butterfly that can be found throughout the Palearctic realm, [1] where it occurs primarily in grasslands rich in chalk. [2] Males have a pale blue colour, while females are brown. [3] Both have chequered fringes around their wings. [4] Aberrant male
Enallagma cyathigerum (common blue damselfly or common bluet) is a species found mainly between latitudes 40°N and 72°N; [2] It is widely distributed in the Palearctic, common in all European countries (including Portugal, Spain, France, Great Britain, Ireland, Germany, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Poland, etc.) and in Asia in Turkey, Iran, Russia, and South Korea. [1]
The female upperside has light brown basal areas, more extensive on the hindwing. There is a discal band of white marks just inside the much darker distal part of the forewing and two apical white spots. On the hindwing the dark area is narrow has seven or so light blue and slightly metallic spots with some white scales.
The holly blue is subject to marked population cycles which appear to be caused by interactions with the parasitoid ichneumon wasp Listrodromus nycthemerus. The wasp lays an egg on a holly blue caterpillar, inserting the egg into the caterpillar's body and the adult wasp emerges from the chrysalis, killing the chrysalis before its emergence.
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The common brimstone appears to have an innate preference for certain colours in nectar plants – red and blue inflorescences are common in heavily used nectar sources in some regions. [21] [12] G. rhamni also has a stronger reliance on visual indications such as colour compared with other butterfly species, which rely more on odour. [21]