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During breathing, the diaphragm contracts and flattens, displacing the viscera and producing an outward movement of the upper abdominal wall (epigastric region). It is a convergence of the diaphragm and the abdominals, so that "when both sets of muscles (diaphragm and abdominals) tense, the epigastrium pushes forward". [ 1 ]
In cases of portal hypertension, the paraumbilical veins may become enlarged in order to reduce hepatic portal vein pressure by shunting blood to the superficial epigastric vein. The superficial epigastric vein drains to the femoral vein which ultimately drains into the inferior vena cava directly through the external iliac and common iliac ...
The umbilical region is one of the nine regions of the abdomen.It is the region that surrounds the area around the umbilicus and is placed approximately halfway between the xiphoid process and the pubic symphysis.
Caput medusae is the appearance of distended and engorged superficial epigastric veins, which are seen radiating from the umbilicus across the abdomen. The name caput medusae (Latin for "head of Medusa") originates from the apparent similarity to Medusa's head, which had venomous snakes in place of hair.
The lateral umbilical fold is an elevation (on either side of the body) of the peritoneum lining the inner/posterior surface of the lower anterior abdominal wall formed by the underlying inferior epigastric artery and inferior epigastric vein which the peritoneum covers.
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Epigastric pain: This pain is experienced by 22.7% of patients, [2] in the upper middle of the abdomen, just below the ribs. [3] Periumbilical pain: This type of pain, reported in 4.8% of cases, [2] is centered around the navel or belly button. [3] Back pain: Also reported in 4.8% of cases, [2] this pain can range from a dull ache to a sharp ...
Surrounding the umbilical collar is the periumbilical skin. Directly behind the navel is a thick fibrous cord formed from the umbilical cord, called the urachus, which originates from the bladder. [5] The belly button is unique to each individual due to it being a scar, and various general forms have been classified by medical practitioners.