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  2. Expansion of the universe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expansion_of_the_universe

    The red line is the path of a light beam emitted by the quasar about 13 billion years ago and reaching Earth at the present day. The orange line shows the present-day distance between the quasar and Earth, about 28 billion light-years, which is a larger distance than the age of the universe multiplied by the speed of light, ct.

  3. Accelerating expansion of the universe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerating_expansion_of...

    The accelerated expansion of the universe is thought to have begun since the universe entered its dark-energy-dominated era roughly 5 billion years ago. [ 8 ] [ notes 1 ] Within the framework of general relativity , an accelerated expansion can be accounted for by a positive value of the cosmological constant Λ , equivalent to the presence of ...

  4. Cosmological horizon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmological_horizon

    It represents the boundary between the observable and the unobservable regions of the universe, so its distance at the present epoch defines the size of the observable universe. Due to the expansion of the universe, it is not simply the age of the universe times the speed of light, as in the Hubble horizon, but rather the speed of light ...

  5. Hubble's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble's_law

    The Hubble length or Hubble distance is a unit of distance in cosmology, defined as cH −1 — the speed of light multiplied by the Hubble time. It is equivalent to 4,420 million parsecs or 14.4 billion light years. (The numerical value of the Hubble length in light years is, by definition, equal to that of the Hubble time in years.)

  6. Particle horizon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_horizon

    Much like the concept of a terrestrial horizon, it represents the boundary between the observable and the unobservable regions of the universe, [1] so its distance at the present epoch defines the size of the observable universe. [2] Due to the expansion of the universe, it is not simply the age of the universe times the speed of light ...

  7. Big Bang - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang

    Since the universe has a finite age, and light travels at a finite speed, there may be events in the past whose light has not yet had time to reach earth. This places a limit or a past horizon on the most distant objects that can be observed. Conversely, because space is expanding, and more distant objects are receding ever more quickly, light ...

  8. Superluminal motion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superluminal_motion

    In astronomy, superluminal motion is the apparently faster-than-light motion seen in some radio galaxies, BL Lac objects, quasars, blazars and recently also in some galactic sources called microquasars. Bursts of energy moving out along the relativistic jets emitted from these objects can have a proper motion that appears greater than the speed ...

  9. Event horizon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event_horizon

    In an expanding universe, the speed of expansion reaches — and even exceeds — the speed of light, preventing signals from traveling to some regions. A cosmic event horizon is a real event horizon because it affects all kinds of signals, including gravitational waves, which travel at the speed of light.