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  2. Protein biosynthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_biosynthesis

    Proteins perform a number of critical functions as enzymes, structural proteins or hormones. Protein synthesis is a very similar process for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes but there are some distinct differences. [1] Protein synthesis can be divided broadly into two phases: transcription and translation.

  3. Synthetic biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_biology

    For instance, liposomes may carry out particular polymerase chain reactions or synthesise a particular protein. [38] Protocell synthetic biology takes artificial life one step closer to reality by eventually synthesizing not only the genome but also every component of the cell in vitro, as opposed to the synthetic genomics approach, which ...

  4. Protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein

    The study of proteins in vivo is often concerned with the synthesis and localization of the protein within the cell. Although many intracellular proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm and membrane-bound or secreted proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum , the specifics of how proteins are targeted to specific organelles or cellular structures ...

  5. Alloprotein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloprotein

    An alloprotein is a novel synthetic protein containing one or more "non-natural" amino acids.Non-natural in the context means an amino acid either not occurring in nature (novel and synthesised amino acids), [1] or occurring in nature but not naturally occurring within proteins (natural but non-proteinogenic amino acids).

  6. Biosynthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosynthesis

    A particular biosynthetic pathway may be located within a single cellular organelle (e.g., mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis pathways), while others involve enzymes that are located across an array of cellular organelles and structures (e.g., the biosynthesis of glycosylated cell surface proteins).

  7. Protein production - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_production

    Protein production is the biotechnological process of generating a specific protein. It is typically achieved by the manipulation of gene expression in an organism such that it expresses large amounts of a recombinant gene .

  8. Cell-free protein synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell-free_protein_synthesis

    Cell-free protein synthesis, also known as in vitro protein synthesis or CFPS, is the production of protein using biological machinery in a cell-free system, that is, without the use of living cells. The in vitro protein synthesis environment is not constrained by a cell wall or homeostasis conditions necessary to maintain cell viability. [ 1 ]

  9. Peptide synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide_synthesis

    Protein biosynthesis (long peptides) in living organisms occurs in the opposite direction. The chemical synthesis of peptides can be carried out using classical solution-phase techniques, although these have been replaced in most research and development settings by solid-phase methods (see below). [3]