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Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside. [3] It works by blocking the ability of 30S ribosomal subunits to make proteins, which results in bacterial death. [3] Albert Schatz first isolated streptomycin in 1943 from Streptomyces griseus. [5] [6] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [7]
Streptomycin is the first-in-class aminoglycoside antibiotic. It is derived from Streptomyces griseus and is the earliest modern agent used against tuberculosis . Streptomycin lacks the common 2-deoxystreptamine moiety (image right, below) present in most other members of this class.
The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:streptomycin 3"-adenylyltransferase. Other names in common use include streptomycin adenylate synthetase , streptomycin adenyltransferase , streptomycin adenylylase , streptomycin adenylyltransferase , streptomycin-spectinomycin adenylyltransferase , AAD (3") , and aminoglycoside 3 ...
The following is a list of antibiotics.The highest division between antibiotics is bactericidal and bacteriostatic.Bactericidals kill bacteria directly, whereas bacteriostatics prevent them from dividing.
Macrolides, [8] clindamycin [12] and aminoglycosides [7] (with all these three having other potential mechanisms of action as well), have evidence of inhibition of ribosomal translocation. Fusidic acid prevents the turnover of elongation factor G from the ribosome.
Actinomycin was the first antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces in 1940, followed by streptomycin three years later. Antibiotics from Streptomyces isolates (including various aminoglycosides) would go on to comprise over two-thirds of all marketed antibiotics. [citation needed] Streptomyces-derived antibiotics include:
A classic example of this effect is the interaction between β-lactams, which damage the bacteria cell membrane, and aminoglycosides, which inhibit protein synthesis. [1] The damage dealt to the cell wall by β-lactams allows more aminoglycoside molecules to be taken up into the cell than would otherwise be possible, enhancing cell damage. [1]
2-deoxy-scyllo-inosose derived aminoglycosides; This class includes kanamycin, neomycin, gentamicin, apramycin, hygromycin. myo-inositol 1-phosphate derived aminoglycosides; This class includes streptomycin, spectinomycin. sedoheptulose 7-phosphate derived C7N aminocyclitol natural products
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