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Rubella is seldom given as an individual vaccine and is often given in combination with measles, mumps, or varicella (chickenpox) vaccines. [19] [20] Below is the list of measles-containing vaccines: Rubella vaccine (standalone vaccine) Measles and rubella combined vaccine ; Measles, mumps and rubella combined vaccine (MMR vaccine) [21] [22] [23]
The 1962–1965 rubella epidemic was an outbreak of rubella across Europe and the United States. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The Rubella virus, also known as the German measles, is a single-stranded RNA virus from the family Togaviridae and genus Rubivirus . [ 3 ]
The genome encodes several non-coding RNA structures; among them is the rubella virus 3' cis-acting element, which contains multiple stem-loops, one of which has been found to be essential for viral replication. [12] The only significant region of homology between rubella and the alphaviruses is located at the NH2 terminus of non structural ...
Rubella, also known as German measles or three-day measles, [6] is an infection caused by the rubella virus. [3] This disease is often mild, with half of people not realizing that they are infected. [1] [7] A rash may start around two weeks after exposure and last for three days. [1] It usually starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the ...
[1] [2] Both rubella, also known as German measles, and roseola are different diseases caused by unrelated viruses. [15] Symptoms usually develop 10–12 days after exposure to an infected person and last 7–10 days. [7] [8] Initial symptoms typically include fever, often greater than 40 °C (104 °F), cough, runny nose, and inflamed eyes.
Pandemics timeline death tolls. This is a list of the largest known epidemics and pandemics caused by an infectious disease in humans. Widespread non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer are not included.
Measles & Rubella Initiative (MRI), launched in 2001, is a long-term commitment and partnership among leaders in public health and supports the goal of reducing measles deaths globally by 90% by 2010 compared to 2000 estimates.
The MMRV vaccine, a combined MMR and varicella vaccine, simplifies the administration of the vaccines. [14] One 2008 study indicated a rate of febrile seizures of 9 per 10,000 vaccinations with MMRV, as opposed to 4 per 10,000 for separate MMR and varicella shots; U.S. health officials known as the ACIP therefore do not express a preference for use of MMRV vaccine over separate injections.