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The systematic IUPAC name is not always the preferred IUPAC name, for example, lactic acid is a common, and also the preferred, name for what systematic rules call 2-hydroxypropanoic acid. This list is ordered by the number of carbon atoms in a carboxylic acid.
Pentane is an organic compound with the formula C 5 H 12 —that is, an alkane with five carbon atoms. The term may refer to any of three structural isomers, or to a mixture of them: in the IUPAC nomenclature, however, pentane means exclusively the n-pentane isomer, in which case pentanes refers to a mixture of them; the other two are called isopentane (methylbutane) and neopentane ...
2-Methylpentane, trivially known as isohexane, is a branched-chain alkane with the molecular formula C 6 H 14. It is a structural isomer of hexane composed of a methyl group bonded to the second carbon atom in a pentane chain.
The longest possible main alkane chain is used; therefore 3-ethyl-4-methylhexane instead of 2,3-diethylpentane, even though these describe equivalent structures. The di-, tri- etc. prefixes are ignored for the purpose of alphabetical ordering of side chains (e.g. 3-ethyl-2,4-dimethylpentane, not 2,4-dimethyl-3-ethylpentane).
But, there do exist nitrogen chains; for example, in solid nitrogen, triazane, azide anion and triazoles. [12] [13] Longer series with eight or more nitrogen atoms, such as 1,1'-Azobis-1,2,3-triazole, have been synthesized. These compounds have potential use as a convenient way to store large amount of energy. [14]
2,4-Dimethylpentane is an alkane with the chemical formula [(H 3 C) 2 CH] 2 CH 2. This colorless hydrocarbon is produced in large quantities in oil refineries. It results from the alkylation of isobutane by propylene. [1] Often referred to as "alkylate", it is blended with other gasoline components to give a high octane fuel.
2,3-Dimethylpentane is notable for being one of the two simplest alkanes with optical (enantiomeric) isomerism. The optical center is the middle carbon of the pentane backbone, which is connected to one hydrogen atom, one methyl group, one ethyl group – C 2 H 5, and one isopropyl group – CH(CH 3) 2.
Neopentane, also called 2,2-dimethylpropane, is a double-branched-chain alkane with five carbon atoms. Neopentane is a flammable gas at room temperature and pressure which can condense into a highly volatile liquid on a cold day, in an ice bath, or when compressed to a higher pressure.