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Longitudinal bulkheads have a similar purpose, but damaged stability effects must be taken into account to eliminate excessive heeling. Today, most ships have means to equalize water in sections port and starboard (cross flooding), which helps limit structural stresses and changes to the ship's heel and/or trim.
The stability conditions of watercraft are the various standard loading configurations to which a ship, boat, or offshore platform may be subjected. They are recognized by classification societies such as Det Norske Veritas , Lloyd's Register and American Bureau of Shipping (ABS).
Criteria for this dynamic stability effect remain to be developed. In contrast, a "tender" ship lags behind the motion of the waves and tends to roll at lesser amplitudes. A passenger ship will typically have a long rolling period for comfort, perhaps 12 seconds while a tanker or freighter might have a rolling period of 6 to 8 seconds.
The 2008 version of the Code details guidelines on Second Generation Intact Stability for ships, specifically criteria for dynamic stability and damage assessment. [7] The Code is split into two parts. Part A contains mandatory criteria. Part B contains additional guidelines and recommendations. [4]
Reconstruction of a 19th-century naval architect's office, Aberdeen Maritime Museum General Course of Study leading to Naval Architecture degree Naval architecture, or naval engineering, is an engineering discipline incorporating elements of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software and safety engineering as applied to the engineering design process, shipbuilding, maintenance, and operation ...
An inclining test is a test performed on a ship to determine its stability, lightship weight and the coordinates of its center of gravity.The test is applied to newly constructed ships greater than 24m in length, and to ships altered in ways that could affect stability.
Ship stability – Ship response to disturbance from an upright condition; Ship motion test – Scale model a hydrodynamic test to predict full size behaviour; Six degrees of freedom – Types of movement possible for a rigid body in three-dimensional space; Flight dynamics – Study of the performance, stability, and control of flying vehicles
The strength of ships is a topic of key interest to naval architects and shipbuilders. Ships which are built too strong are heavy, slow, and cost extra money to build and operate since they weigh more, whilst ships which are built too weakly suffer from minor hull damage and in some extreme cases catastrophic failure and sinking.