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The macrolide ring is the lactone (cyclic ester) at upper left. Clarithromycin Roxithromycin. Macrolides are a class of mostly natural products with a large macrocyclic lactone ring to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. The lactone rings are usually 14-, 15-, or 16-membered.
Clarithromycin, sold under the brand name Biaxin among others, is an antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections. [3] This includes strep throat , pneumonia , skin infections, H. pylori infection, and Lyme disease , among others. [ 3 ]
Clarithromycin is an antibiotic under the class of macrolide. [33] It is indicated for the eradication of H. pylori to minimize the probability of duodenal ulcer recurrence by being a component of the combination therapy. [31] [34] Clarithromycin is available as tablets which should be taken orally. [35] [36] [37]
Tetracyclines are generally used in the treatment of infections of the urinary tract, respiratory tract, and the intestines and are also used in the treatment of chlamydia, especially in patients allergic to β-lactams and macrolides; however, their use for these indications is less popular than it once was due to widespread development of resistance in the causative organisms.
[1] [4] It contains vonoprazan (as the fumarate), a potassium-competitive acid blocker; amoxicillin, a beta-lactam antibiotic; and clarithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic. [ 1 ] [ 4 ] It was approved for medical use in Japan in 2016, [ 3 ] and in the United States in May 2022.
(For instance, vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic, [6] and erythromycin, [7] a macrolide antibiotic produced by Saccharopolyspora erythraea, along with its synthetic derivatives clarithromycin and azithromycin, all share the suffixes but have notably different mechanisms of action.)
In areas of low clarithromycin resistance, including the United States, a 14-day course of "triple therapy" with an oral proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin 500 mg, and amoxicillin 1 g (or, if penicillin allergic, metronidazole 500 mg), all given twice daily for 14 days, is recommended for first-line therapy. This regimen can achieve rates of ...
The β-lactam core structures. (A) A penam.(B) A carbapenam.(C) An oxapenam.(D) A penem.(E) A carbapenem.(F) A monobactam.(G) A cephem.(H) A carbacephem.(I) An oxacephem. This is a list of common β-lactam antibiotics—both administered drugs and those not in clinical use—organized by structural class.