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Depending on the site in the body and type of procedure, an endoscopy may be performed by either a doctor or a surgeon. A patient may be fully conscious or anaesthetised during the procedure. Most often, the term endoscopy is used to refer to an examination of the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract, known as an esophagogastroduodenoscopy. [2]
The procedure is more painful for men than for women due to the length and narrow diameter of the male urethra, and results of a 2019 systematic review of the literature found that intraurethral lidocaine greatly reduces this painful procedure in men. [5] Relaxing the pelvic muscles helps make this part of the test easier.
A DRE is also useful in detecting anal neoplasms and the clinician may note issues with the prostate gland in men undergoing this procedure. [58] The endoscope is then passed through the anus up the rectum , the colon (sigmoid, descending, transverse and ascending colon, the cecum), and ultimately the terminal ileum .
Therapeutic endoscopy is the medical term for an endoscopic procedure during which treatment is carried out via the endoscope. This contrasts with diagnostic endoscopy , where the aim of the procedure is purely to visualize a part of the gastrointestinal , respiratory or urinary tract in order to aid diagnosis .
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an advanced surgical procedure using endoscopy to remove gastrointestinal tumors that have not entered the muscle layer. ESD may be done in the esophagus, stomach or colon. Application of endoscopic resection (ER) to gastrointestinal (GI) neoplasms is limited to lesions with no risk of nodal metastasis.
3. Medications. Some medications have been associated with temporary hair loss. Most of the time hair loss related to medication is due to the drug disrupting the hair growth cycle leading to a ...
Confocal endoscopy, or confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE), is a modern imaging technique that allows the examination of real-time microscopic and histological features inside the body. In the word "endomicroscopy", endo- means "within" and -skopein means "to view or observe".
Endoclips have also found an application in preventing bleeding when performing complicated endoscopic procedures. For example, prophylactic clipping of the base of a polyp has been found to be useful in preventing post-polypectomy bleeding, especially in high-risk patients or patients on anticoagulant medications. [17]