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Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, animal research, and in vivo testing, is the use of non-human animals, such as model organisms, in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study. This approach can be contrasted with field studies in which animals are observed in ...
The directive took effect on January 1, 2013. The directive permits the use of non-human primates if no other alternative methods are available. Testing on non-human primates is permitted for basic and applied research, quality and safety testing of drugs, food and other products and research aimed on the preservation of the species.
The law allows drug companies to find alternative methods of assessing their products, without testing them on animals or human beings. The bill was sponsored by Sens. Rand Paul (R–Ky.) and Cory ...
The Monkey Drug Trials of 1969 were a series of controversial animal testing experiments that were conducted on primates to study the effects of various psychoactive substances. The trials shed light on the profound effects of drug addiction and withdrawal in primates, pioneering critical insights into human substance abuse.
A spokesperson for the UK-based Understanding Animal Research organisation was sceptical about the scientists’ claims, saying: “Those who do animal testing are also the biggest investors in ...
None of these methods require testing on animals. AFMA hopes to improve policy and decision-making regarding the use of the animal model in the testing of drugs and treatments for the safety of human use. The organization does not oppose the use of animals in other aspects of science, and stresses that it is not an animal rights group.
A separate issue is the use of testing on animals as a means of initial testing during drug development, or actual production. [40] Guiding principles for more ethical use of animals in testing are the Three Rs first described by Russell and Burch in 1959. [41] These principles are now followed in many testing establishments worldwide.
The FDA animal efficacy rule (also known as animal rule) applies to development and testing of drugs and biologicals to reduce or prevent serious or life-threatening conditions caused by exposure to lethal or permanently disabling toxic agents (chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear substances), where human efficacy trials are not feasible or ethical. [1]