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Thus, HFO is also commonly referred to as residual fuel oil. The chemical composition of HFO is highly variable due to the fact that HFO is often mixed or blended with cleaner fuels; blending streams can include carbon numbers from C 20 to greater than C 50. HFOs are blended to achieve certain viscosity and flow characteristics for a given use.
No. 5 fuel oil is also called Navy Special Fuel Oil (NSFO) or just navy special; No. 5 or 6 are also commonly called heavy fuel oil (HFO) or furnace fuel oil (FFO); the high viscosity requires heating, usually by a recirculated low pressure steam system, before the oil can be pumped from a bunker tank. Bunkers are rarely labeled this way in ...
Both CII and CCAI are calculated from the density and kinematic viscosity of the fuel. CII was developed by BP to calculate the autoignition capacity of heavy fuel oils (HFO). It is calculated using the measured kinematic viscosity V (cSt or mm 2 /s) of a given fuel determined at temperature t (°C) and the density ρ 15 at 15°C (kg/m 3). [1]
Fuel oil's viscosity strongly depends on the temperature, the higher is the temperature the lower is the viscosity. For optimal combustion the viscosity of the fuel should be in the range of 10–20 cSt. To maintain this value a combination of viscometer, PID controller and heater is used. Viscometer measures the actual viscosity of the fuel ...
Increasing temperature results in a decrease in viscosity because a larger temperature means particles have greater thermal energy and are more easily able to overcome the attractive forces binding them together. An everyday example of this viscosity decrease is cooking oil moving more fluidly in a hot frying pan than in a cold one.
V= viscosity (cST) t = viscosity temperature (°C) Use. This will normally give a value somewhere between 800 and 880. The lower the value is the better the ignition ...
The higher the VI, the more stable the viscosity remains over some temperature range. The VI was originally measured on a scale from 0 to 100; however, advancements in lubrication science have led to the development of oils with much higher VIs. [1] The viscosity of a lubricant is closely related to its ability to reduce friction in solid body ...
Chemical structure of 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze) Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) ... heat recovery and medium temperature heat pumps. ...