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Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency (THBD, BH 4 D) is a rare metabolic disorder that increases the blood levels of phenylalanine.Phenylalanine is an amino acid obtained normally through the diet, but can be harmful if excess levels build up, causing intellectual disability and other serious health problems.
These infants exhibit normal phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) enzymatic activity but have a deficiency in dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR), an enzyme required for the regeneration of tetrahydrobiopterin (THB or BH 4), a cofactor of PAH. [citation needed] Less frequently, DHPR activity is normal but a defect in the biosynthesis of THB exists. In ...
Pterin-4 alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase deficiency (PCDD) is one of the known forms of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency. This condition is associated with mutations of the PCBD1 gene. As of 2020, PCDD was the rarest form of BH4 deficiency in terms of cases described in medical literature.
As previously mentioned it is involved in the biosynthesis of BH4 and catalyzes the transformation of 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate into 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin synthase. The kinetic values for this enzyme are KM = 8.1 μM and Vmax = 120 nmol/min/mg. [ 9 ] The structure of PTPS is unique and is different than other examples of ...
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH 4, THB), also known as sapropterin (INN), [5] [6] is a cofactor of the three aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzymes, [7] used in the degradation of amino acid phenylalanine and in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), melatonin, dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), epinephrine (adrenaline), and is a cofactor for the ...
By the end of that first year, there were 337 reported cases of individuals with severe immune deficiency, and nearly 2 in 5 had already died. The life expectancy for those diagnosed with HIV or ...
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