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Important to applications in mathematics and physics [1] is the notion of a flow on a manifold. In particular, if is a smooth manifold and is a smooth vector field, one is interested in finding integral curves to .
Introduction to smooth manifolds. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-95448-1. A textbook on manifold theory. See also the same author's textbooks on topological manifolds (a lower level of structure) and Riemannian geometry (a higher level of structure).
Here D ⊆ R × M is the flow domain. For each p ∈ M the map D p → M is the unique maximal integral curve of V starting at p. A global flow is one whose flow domain is all of R × M. Global flows define smooth actions of R on M. A vector field is complete if it generates a global flow. Every smooth vector field on a compact manifold without ...
In mathematics, stochastic analysis on manifolds or stochastic differential geometry is the study of stochastic analysis over smooth manifolds. It is therefore a synthesis of stochastic analysis (the extension of calculus to stochastic processes ) and of differential geometry .
Let X and Y be smooth time dependent vector fields and the flow of X.The following identity can be proved: | = (,) = (, ([,] + | =)) Also, we can define time dependent tensor fields in an analogous way, and prove this similar identity, assuming that is a smooth time dependent tensor field:
In mathematics, particularly topology, an atlas is a concept used to describe a manifold. An atlas consists of individual charts that, roughly speaking, describe individual regions of the manifold. In general, the notion of atlas underlies the formal definition of a manifold and related structures such as vector bundles and other fiber bundles.
A map is a local diffeomorphism if and only if it is a smooth immersion (smooth local embedding) and an open map.. The inverse function theorem implies that a smooth map : is a local diffeomorphism if and only if the derivative: is a linear isomorphism for all points .
Let M be a smooth manifold. A (smooth) singular k-simplex in M is defined as a smooth map from the standard simplex in R k to M. The group C k (M, Z) of singular k-chains on M is defined to be the free abelian group on the set of singular k-simplices in M. These groups, together with the boundary map, ∂, define a chain complex.