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The service ceiling is the maximum altitude of an aircraft during normal operations. Specifically, it is the density altitude at which flying in a clean configuration , at the best rate of climb airspeed for that altitude and with all engines operating and producing maximum continuous power, will produce a given rate of climb.
As the aircraft gains altitude the stall speed increases; since the wing is not growing any larger the only way to support the aircraft's weight with less air is to increase speed. While the exact numbers will vary widely from aircraft to aircraft, the nature of this relationship is typically the same; plotted on a graph of speed (x-axis) vs ...
The minimum such speed is the stall speed, or V SO. The indicated airspeed at which a fixed-wing aircraft stalls varies with the weight of the aircraft but does not vary significantly with altitude. At speeds close to the stall speed the aircraft's wings are at a high angle of attack. At higher altitudes, the air density is lower than at sea level.
This occurs at the speed where the difference between engine power and the power required to overcome the aircraft's drag is greatest (maximum excess power). [3] V x increases with altitude and V Y decreases with altitude until they converge at the airplane's absolute ceiling, the altitude above which the airplane cannot climb in steady flight.
The minimum speed that the aircraft is still controllable with the critical engine inoperative [21] while the aircraft is on the ground. V MCL: Minimum control speed in the landing configuration with one engine inoperative. [9] [21] V MO: Maximum operating limit speed. [7] [8] [9] Exceeding V MO may trigger an overspeed alarm. [22] V MU ...
The rate of change of aircraft mass with distance is = =, where is the speed), so that = It follows that the range is obtained from the definite integral below, with t 1 {\displaystyle t_{1}} and t 2 {\displaystyle t_{2}} the start and finish times respectively and W 1 {\displaystyle W_{1}} and W 2 {\displaystyle W_{2}} the initial and final ...
Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft, 1988–1989 General characteristics Crew: 2 Capacity: 19 passengers Length: 47 ft 1.75 in (14.3701 m) Wingspan: 52 ft 0 in (15.85 m) Height: 17 ft 5.5 in (5.321 m) Wing area: 271 sq ft (25.2 m 2) Airfoil: root: NACA 63A418 ; tip: NACA 63A412 Empty weight: 9,613 lb (4,360 kg) Max takeoff weight: 15,332 lb (6,954 kg) Powerplant: 2 × Garrett TPE331-10UG ...
In consequence of Bernoulli's principle, the different speeds of the air result in different pressures at different positions on the aircraft's surface. [3] The ideal position for a static port is a position where the local air pressure in flight is always equal to the pressure remote from the aircraft, however there is no position on an ...