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According to Schunk (2012), Lev Vygotsky who was a Russian psychologist and was a major influence on the rise of constructivism, believed that self-regulation involves the coordination of cognitive processes such as planning, synthesizing and formulating concepts (Henderson & Cunningham, 1994); however, such coordination does not proceed independently of the individual's social environment and ...
Constructivism in education is rooted in epistemology, a theory of knowledge concerned with the logical categories of knowledge and its justification. [3] It acknowledges that learners bring prior knowledge and experiences shaped by their social and cultural environment and that learning is a process of students "constructing" knowledge based on their experiences.
This idea of solidarity is shared by Émile Durkheim, who argues that collective identity helps create bonds between individuals through shared morals and goals. Max Weber , in his book " Economy and Society ", published posthumously in 1922, critiqued Marx's focus on production and instead suggests that class, status, and party form the three ...
When achieved, critical consciousness encourages individuals to effect change in their world through social critique and political action in order to self-actualize. Critical pedagogy was founded by the Brazilian philosopher and educator Paulo Freire , who promoted it through his 1968 book, Pedagogy of the Oppressed .
Cooperative learning is an educational approach which aims to organize classroom activities into academic and social learning experiences. [1] There is much more to cooperative learning than merely arranging students into groups, and it has been described as "structuring positive interdependence."
A central question in the philosophy of education concerns the aims of education, i.e. the question of why people should be educated and what goals should be pursued in the process of education. [ 8 ] [ 5 ] [ 7 ] [ 14 ] This issue is highly relevant for evaluating educational practices and products by assessing how well they manage to realize ...
Freire's philosophy of education centers on critical consciousness, whereby the oppressed recognize the causes of their oppression "so that through transforming action they can create a new situation, one which makes possible the pursuit of fuller humanity". [2] Problem-posing education is the path to critical consciousness.
While situated cognition gained recognition in the field of educational psychology in the late twentieth century, [3] it shares many principles with older fields such as critical theory, [4] [5] anthropology (Jean Lave & Etienne Wenger, 1991), philosophy (Martin Heidegger, 1968), critical discourse analysis (Fairclough, 1989), and sociolinguistics theories (Bakhtin, 1981) that rejected the ...