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The burden of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, including mother-to-child transmission of HIV, disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries, in particular the countries of Southern Africa. [2] The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 1.3 million women and girls living with HIV become pregnant each year. [3]
Programs to prevent the vertical transmission of HIV (from mothers to children) can reduce rates of transmission by 92–99%. [84] [142] This primarily involves the use of a combination of antiviral medications during pregnancy and after birth in the infant, and potentially includes bottle feeding rather than breastfeeding.
Tiemessen's research interests include the study of HIV vaccines and the search for an HIV cure in both children and adults. [7] A major focus of her research is natural resistance models which include investigations of mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission and adult transmission models.
During the course of this project (roughly 1986–1990), prevalence of HIV among Matonge sex workers fell—largely due to deaths of study participants—but so did the incidence of infection of HIV in the community. [10] Under Ryder, Project SIDA also initiated a study of mother-to-child transmission in Mama Yemo's antenatal clinic.
Rates, barriers and outcomes of HIV serostatus disclosure among women in developing countries: implications for prevention of mother-to-child transmission programmes. [8] HIV-Positive Women Report More Lifetime Partner Violence: Findings From a Voluntary Counseling and Testing Clinic in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. [9] Women's barriers to HIV-1 ...
Programs to prevent the transmission of HIV from mothers to children can reduce rates of transmission by 92–99%. [47] [57] This primarily involves the use of a combination of antivirals during pregnancy and after birth in the infant but also potentially include bottle feeding rather than breastfeeding.
It is important to work towards eliminating Mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in developing nations. Due to a lack of testing, a shortage in antenatal therapies and through the feeding of contaminated breast milk, 590,000 infants born in developing countries are infected with HIV-1 per year. [45]
Although prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) programs have been implemented across different regions, their success in resource-constrained settings is still widely debated upon. [9] In 2008, the majority of sub-Saharan Africa as a whole had an estimate of 430,000 HIV infections among children under the age of 15. [9]