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  2. Kurtosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurtosis

    For a sample of n values, a method of moments estimator of the population excess kurtosis can be defined as = = = (¯) [= (¯)] where m 4 is the fourth sample moment about the mean, m 2 is the second sample moment about the mean (that is, the sample variance), x i is the i th value, and ¯ is the sample mean.

  3. Kurtosis risk - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurtosis_risk

    Kurtosis risk applies to any kurtosis-related quantitative model that assumes the normal distribution for certain of its independent variables when the latter may in fact have kurtosis much greater than does the normal distribution. Kurtosis risk is commonly referred to as "fat tail" risk. The "fat tail" metaphor explicitly describes the ...

  4. Higher-order statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher-order_statistics

    HOS are particularly used in the estimation of shape parameters, such as skewness and kurtosis, as when measuring the deviation of a distribution from the normal distribution. In statistical theory , one long-established approach to higher-order statistics, for univariate and multivariate distributions is through the use of cumulants and joint ...

  5. D'Agostino's K-squared test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D'Agostino's_K-squared_test

    In the following, { x i } denotes a sample of n observations, g 1 and g 2 are the sample skewness and kurtosis, m j ’s are the j-th sample central moments, and ¯ is the sample mean. Frequently in the literature related to normality testing, the skewness and kurtosis are denoted as √ β 1 and β 2 respectively.

  6. Jarque–Bera test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarque–Bera_test

    The null hypothesis is a joint hypothesis of the skewness being zero and the excess kurtosis being zero. Samples from a normal distribution have an expected skewness of 0 and an expected excess kurtosis of 0 (which is the same as a kurtosis of 3). As the definition of JB shows, any deviation from this increases the JB statistic.

  7. NYT ‘Connections’ Hints and Answers Today, Friday, December 13

    www.aol.com/nyt-connections-hints-answers-today...

    1. These are commonly found in myths, legends and stories. 2. These are used to sort/organize digital messages. 3. Fizzy beverages with a sharp, zesty taste. 4. The words in this category sound ...

  8. My Husband's Grandpa Cracked the Code to the Best-Ever ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/husbands-grandpa-cracked...

    1. Preheat oven to 350°. In a large bowl using an electric mixer, cream the sugar and butter until the mixture is fluffy and lighter in color, about 5 minutes. Add the eggs, one at a time ...

  9. L-moment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-moment

    For instance, the Laplace distribution has a kurtosis of 6 and weak exponential tails, but a larger 4th L-moment ratio than e.g. the student-t distribution with d.f.=3, which has an infinite kurtosis and much heavier tails.