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In physics, Hooke's law is an empirical law which states that the force (F) needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance (x) scales linearly with respect to that distance—that is, F s = kx, where k is a constant factor characteristic of the spring (i.e., its stiffness), and x is small compared to the total possible deformation of the spring.
The following table gives formula for the spring that is equivalent to a system of two springs, in series or in parallel, whose spring constants are and . [1] The compliance c {\displaystyle c} of a spring is the reciprocal 1 / k {\displaystyle 1/k} of its spring constant.)
In a real spring–mass system, the spring has a non-negligible mass.Since not all of the spring's length moves at the same velocity as the suspended mass (for example the point completely opposed to the mass , at the other end of the spring, is not moving at all), its kinetic energy is not equal to .
Simplified LaCoste suspension using a zero-length spring Spring length L vs force F graph of ordinary (+), zero-length (0) and negative-length (−) springs with the same minimum length L 0 and spring constant. Zero-length spring is a term for a specially designed coil spring that would exert zero force if it had zero length. That is, in a line ...
where E(k) is the energy of an electron at wavevector k in that band, E 0 is a constant giving the edge of energy of that band, and m * is a constant (the effective mass). It can be shown that the electrons placed in these bands behave as free electrons except with a different mass, as long as their energy stays within the range of validity of ...
The energy conservation can be verified by + =. The above discussion holds true for any component, regardless of its angular frequency of ω . The limiting case of c 2 = 0 corresponds to a "fixed end" that does not move, whereas the limiting case of c 2 → ∞ corresponds to a "free end".
While some of the energy transferred can end up stored as the kinetic energy of acquired velocity, the deformation of component objects results in stored elastic energy. A prototypical elastic component is a coiled spring. The linear elastic performance of a spring is parametrized by a constant of proportionality, called the spring constant.
A spring scale, spring balance or newton meter is a type of mechanical force gauge or weighing scale. It consists of a spring fixed at one end with a hook to attach an object at the other. [ 1 ] It works in accordance with Hooke's Law , which states that the force needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance scales linearly with ...