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Insulin self-injected for treatment of diabetes (i.e., diabetic hypoglycemia) Insulin self-injected surreptitiously (e.g., Munchausen syndrome) Insulin self-injected in a suicide attempt or fatality; Various forms of diagnostic challenge or "tolerance tests" Insulin tolerance test for pituitary or adrenergic response assessment; Protein challenge
Symptoms of diabetic hypoglycemia, when they occur, are those of hypoglycemia: neuroglycopenic, adrenergic (that is, activating adrenergic receptors, resulting e.g. in fast heartbeat), and abdominal. Symptoms and effects can be mild, moderate or severe, depending on how low the glucose falls and a variety of other factors.
The signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia are present (see section below on Signs and Symptoms) [2] [10] A low blood glucose measurement is present, typically less than 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) [2] The signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia resolve after blood glucose levels have returned to normal [2]
Insulin resistance, or low insulin sensitivity, happens when cells throughout the body don’t respond properly to the hormone insulin, especially cells in muscles, fat and the liver.
Gestational diabetes is a condition in which a woman without diabetes develops high blood sugar levels during pregnancy. [2] Gestational diabetes generally results in few symptoms; [2] however, obesity increases the rate of pre-eclampsia, cesarean sections, and embryo macrosomia, as well as gestational diabetes. [2]
Insulin shock A severe condition that occurs when the level of blood glucose (sugar) drops too far and quickly. The signs are shaking, sweating, dizziness, double vision, convulsions, and collapse. Insulin shock may occur when an insulin reaction is not treated quickly enough. In severe cases, brain damage, nerve damage, or even death is possible.
Symptoms vary according to individuals' hydration level and sensitivity to the rate and/or magnitude of decline of their blood glucose concentration. [citation needed] A crash is usually felt within four hours of heavy carbohydrate consumption. Along with the symptoms of hypoglycemia, symptoms of reactive hypoglycemia include: [7] [8] [9]
However, if insulin resistance worsens or insulin secretion ability declines, the glucose levels will begin to rise. Persistent elevation of glucose levels is termed diabetes mellitus. [citation needed] Typical fasting insulin levels found in this type of hyperinsulinism are above 20 μU/mL. When resistance is severe, levels can exceed 100 μU/mL.