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Stigma management is the process of concealing or disclosing aspects of one's identity to minimize social stigma. [1] When a person receives unfair treatment or alienation due to a social stigma, the effects can be detrimental. Social stigmas are defined as any aspect of an individual's identity that is devalued in a social context. [2]
Stigma, originally referring to the visible marking of people considered inferior, has evolved in modern society into a social concept that applies to different groups or individuals based on certain characteristics such as socioeconomic status, culture, gender, race, religion or health status. Social stigma can take different forms and depends ...
The United Nations states that intersex people suffer stigma on the basis of physical characteristics, "including violations of their rights to health and physical integrity, to be free from torture and ill-treatment, and to equality and non- discrimination." [1] The UN has called for governments to end discrimination against intersex people:
For example, newly self-acknowledged homosexual individuals cannot take for granted that they share the world with others who hold congruent interpretations and assumptions; their behavior and motives, both past and present, will be interpreted in light of their stigma. [35] Perhaps the strongest proponent of labeling theory was Edward Sagarin.
For example, studies have shown that some individuals ruminate on experiences with prejudice, which is associated with anxiety and depression. [66] Similarly, minority stress research has revealed that internalized stigma (i.e., distaste for one's own minority group) is associated with negative psychological outcomes.
Stigma is often perpetuated by discrimination, callous actions, and bigotry. HIV/AIDS stigma is divided into the following three categories: Instrumental AIDS stigma—a reflection of the fear and apprehension that are likely to be associated with any deadly and transmissible illness. [6]
The stigma surrounding therapy can contribute to this, as seeking help may be viewed as a sign of personal weakness or vulnerability, which could potentially damage their reputation or social ...
An example of this bias is homophobia, which refers to discrimination towards someone who is homosexual. Often in the work environment, this is seen with heterosexual individuals who are prejudiced against lesbian , gay , and bisexual people (among others).