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The action was precipitated by a strike when workers' demands (including improvements to safety and working conditions at the local copper mines, an end to discrimination against labor organizations and unequal treatment of foreign and minority workers, and the institution of a fair wage system) went unmet. The "deportation" was organized by ...
1960 1960 Writers Guild of America strike: 148 days [9] (Film) 156 days [9] (TV) [16] 1960 1960 Actors Strike 42 days [17] [18] 1952 1952 Actors Strike 79 days [19] 1945 Set decorators Hollywood Black Friday strike 231 days 1942-1944 1942–1944 musicians' strike: 834 days (the longest of all Hollywood strikes) 1941 Disney animators' strike ...
In 1915, the Bureau of Labor Statistics had formed a more systemized set of data collection. Data on the number of workers involved remained a rough estimate but more consistent. [ 5 ] : 195, (203 in pdf) The data however also included strikes with fewer than six workers involved, likely leading to slightly higher worker estimates.
Presidents have invoked the Taft–Hartley Act thirty-five times to halt work stoppages in labor disputes; almost all of the instances took place in the late 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, under presidents Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson, after which the provision fell into disuse.
In the 1960s, the sub-field of new labor history emerged as social history was gaining popularity broadly, with a new emphasis on the history of workers, including unorganized workers, and their gender and race. Much scholarship has attempted to bring the social history perspectives into the study of organized labor.
ILWU headquarters in San Francisco. The ILWU admitted African Americans in the 1930s, and during World War II its San Francisco section alone had an estimated 800 black members, at a time when most San Francisco unions excluded black workers and resisted implementation of President Roosevelt's Executive Order 8802 (1941) against racial discrimination in the US defense industry. [8]
To prevent strikers from damaging company property, a union police force was created. This police force also prohibited gambling. A transportation unit moved workers to wherever they were needed and food kitchens were set up. Several morale and entertainment committees were formed to arrange musical performances, movies, and other programs.