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Tanks are typically equipped with agitators, baffles, gas introduction equipment designed to maintain the solids in suspension in the slurry, and achieve leaching. Vats usually do not contain much internal equipment, except for agitators. Tank leaching is typically continuous, while vat leaching is operated in a batch fashion, this is not ...
Leaching is a process widely used in extractive metallurgy where ore is treated with chemicals to convert the valuable metals within the ore, into soluble salts while the impurity remains insoluble. These can then be washed out and processed to give the pure metal; the materials left over are commonly known as tailings .
Leaching involves the use of aqueous solutions to extract metal from metal-bearing materials which are brought into contact with them. [3] In China in the 11th and 12th centuries, this technique was used to extract copper; this was used for much of the total copper production. [4]
It is the most commonly used leaching process for gold extraction. [1] Cyanidation is also widely used in the extraction of silver, usually after froth flotation. [2] Production of reagents for mineral processing to recover gold represents more than 70% of cyanide consumption globally.
In 2011 leaching, both heap leaching and in-situ leaching, produced 3.4 million metric tons of copper, 22 percent of world production. [8] The largest copper heap leach operations are in Chile, Peru, and the southwestern United States. Although heap leaching is a low cost-process, it normally has recovery rates of 60-70%.
Slag is mainly a mixture of metal oxides and silicon dioxide. Broadly, it can be classified as ferrous (co-products of processing iron and steel), ferroalloy (a by-product of ferroalloy production) or non-ferrous / base metals (by-products of recovering non-ferrous materials like copper , nickel , zinc and phosphorus ). [ 2 ]
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Extractive metallurgy is a branch of metallurgical engineering wherein process and methods of extraction of metals from their natural mineral deposits are studied. The field is a materials science, covering all aspects of the types of ore, washing, concentration, separation, chemical processes and extraction of pure metal and their alloying to suit various applications, sometimes for direct ...