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  2. Maternal physiological changes in pregnancy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maternal_physiological...

    Women are 4-5 times more likely to develop a clot during pregnancy and in the postpartum period than when they are not pregnant. [25] Hypercoagulability in pregnancy likely evolved to protect women from hemorrhage at the time of miscarriage or childbirth. In developing countries, the leading cause of maternal death is still hemorrhage. [25]

  3. Uterine tachysystole - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterine_tachysystole

    This reduced relaxation period between contractions also results in an inability to clear acidotic metabolites from the cells which may lead to fetal acidosis. [1] Fetal pulse oximetry gave researchers the means to quantify the effects that result from uterine tachysystole. [1] In 2008, 1,493 contractions were studied across 30 patients.

  4. Childbirth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childbirth

    This leads to more intense contractions, and causes pain in the lower back that persists between contractions as the fetus’ occiput exerts pressure on the mother's sacrum. [24] Another prominent sign of labour is the rupture of membranes, commonly known as "water breaking". During pregnancy, a baby is surrounded and cushioned by a fluid ...

  5. Uterine contraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterine_contraction

    These labour contractions are characterized by their rhythmic tightening and relaxation of the myometrium, the most prominent uterine muscle. Labour contractions primarily serve the purpose of opening and dilating the cervix, [7] which leads to the assisting of the passage of the baby through the vaginal canal during the first stage of labour.

  6. Vaginal delivery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginal_delivery

    The latent phase is defined by cervical dilation of 0 to 6 cm. The active phase is defined by cervical dilation of 6 cm to 10 cm. Second stage of labor starts when the cervix is dilated to 10 cm and finishes with the birth of the baby. This stage is characterized by strong contractions and active pushing by the mother.

  7. Uterotonic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterotonic

    The area of action differs for each effect, contraction occurs in the upper uterine segment while relaxation occurs in the lower uterine segment. [14] Not as efficacious for inducing labor when compared to other prostaglandins. [16] Dinoprost: also known as PGF 2α, is a naturally occurring prostaglandin which causes contraction via PG F ...

  8. Prolonged labor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolonged_labor

    Failure to progress can take place during two different phases; the latent phase and active phase of labor. [1] The latent phase of labor can be emotionally tiring and cause fatigue, but it typically does not result in further problems. [1] The active phase of labor, on the other hand, if prolonged, can result in long term complications. [1]

  9. Cervical dilation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_dilation

    From that point, pressure from the presenting part (head in vertex births or bottom in breech births), along with uterine contractions, will dilate the cervix to 10 centimeters, which is "complete." Cervical dilation is accompanied by effacement, the thinning of the cervix. General guidelines for cervical dilation: Latent phase: 0–3 centimeters

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