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In political science, the waves of democracy or waves of democratization are major surges of democracy that have occurred in history. Although the term appears at least as early as 1887, [1] it was popularized by Samuel P. Huntington, a political scientist at Harvard University, in his article published in the Journal of Democracy and further expounded in his 1991 book, The Third Wave ...
The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century is a 1991 book by Samuel P. Huntington which outlines the significance of a third wave of democratization to describe the global trend that has seen more than 60 countries throughout Europe, Latin America, Asia, and Africa undergo some form of democratic transitions since Portugal's "Carnation Revolution" in 1974.
During the third wave of democratization in the late twentieth century, many new, weakly institutionalized democracies were established; these regimes have been most vulnerable to democratic backsliding. [33] [30] The third wave of autocratization has been ongoing since 2010, when the number of liberal democracies was at an all-time high. [34] [35]
"Democracy's third wave." Journal of democracy 2.2 (1991): pages 12–34. online Archived April 3, 2018, at the Wayback Machine; The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century (1991) The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (1996) "After twenty years: the future of the third wave." Journal of democracy 8.4 (1997 ...
Democratization of Latin America and the former Eastern Bloc is part of this third wave. Waves of democratization can be followed by waves of de-democratization. Thus, Huntington, in 1991, offered the following depiction. • First wave of democratization, 1828–1926 • First wave of de-democratization, 1922–42
During the third wave of democratization in the late twentieth century, many new, weakly institutionalized democracies were established; these regimes have been most vulnerable to democratic backsliding. [16] [13] The third wave of autocratization has been ongoing since 2010, when the number of liberal democracies was at an all-time high. [17] [18]
Exogenous democratization, on the other hand, argues that democratization happens as a result of external factors, such as the zeitgeist of pro-democracy political movements seen across the world from the third wave of democratization [18] up until the 1990s.
Third Wave of the Holy Spirit, a 1980s expression coined by C. Peter Wagner for a Neocharismatic Christian movement; Third wave of coffee, genesis and establishment of coffee growers, roasters and retailers focused on achieving the highest form of culinary appreciation of coffee; Third Wave Democracy, third major surge of democracy in history ...