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For a business (activity engaged in for profit), income and expenses are listed on Schedule C (and the net income result carries to line 12 of the Form 1040). All expenses are used, even if they create a net loss. For a hobby (an activity not engaged in for profit), income and expenses are listed separately.
People's Insurance Company of China China: 84.5 10 Assicurazioni Generali Italy: 80.3 11 Humana United States: 79.8 12 Berkshire Hathaway United States: 71.6 13 State Farm United States: 71.1 14 Munich Re Germany: 64.7 15 CVS Health United States: 62.2 16 Life Insurance Corporation India: 56.6 17 China Pacific Insurance Company China: 53.7 18
This list has all global annual earnings of all time, limited to earnings of more than $40 billion in "real" (i.e. CPI adjusted) value. Note that some record earning may be caused by nonrecurring revenue, like Vodafone in 2014 (disposal of its interest in Verizon Wireless) [1] or Fannie Mae in 2013 (benefit for federal income taxes).
For insurance, the loss ratio is the ratio of total losses incurred (paid and reserved) in claims plus adjustment expenses divided by the total premiums earned. [1] For example, if an insurance company pays $60 in claims for every $100 in collected premiums, then its loss ratio is 60% with a profit ratio/gross margin of 40% or $40.
In the United States the Property Claims Services, a division of the Insurance Services Office (ISO), is generally the source for industry loss estimates for perils. SIGMA, a division of Swiss Re, is often the source for such losses outside the US, with Munich Re's NatCAT Service appearing more and more often on ex-US business.
The experience modifier adjusts workers compensation insurance premiums for a particular employer based on a comparison of past losses of that employer to what is calculated to be "average" losses of other employers in that state in the same business, adjusted for size.
Risks that can be insured by private companies typically share seven common characteristics. [4]Large number of similar exposure units.Since insurance operates through pooling resources, the majority of insurance policies are provided for individual members of large classes, allowing insurers to benefit from the law of large numbers in which predicted losses are similar to the actual losses.
Ultimate loss amounts are necessary for determining an insurance company's carried reserves. They are also useful for determining adequate insurance premiums, when loss experience is used as a rating factor [4] [5] [6] Loss development factors are used in all triangular methods of loss reserving, [7] such as the chain-ladder method.