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Jewish leaders carefully planned the second revolt to avoid the numerous mistakes that had plagued the first First Jewish–Roman War 60 years earlier. [49] In 132, the revolt, led by Simon bar Kokhba and Elasar, quickly spread from Modi'in across the country, cutting off the Roman garrison in Jerusalem. [6]
The Bar Kokhba revolt (132–136, [37] Hebrew: מרד בר כוכבא) was the third major and final rebellion of the Jewish–Roman wars. The establishment of Roman colony Aelia Capitolina on the ruins of Jerusalem as well as the prohibition of circumcision by Hadrian , are the most likely causes which sparked the uprising.
During the revolt, the Jewish sage Rabbi Akiva regarded Simon as the Jewish messiah; the Talmud records his statement that the Star Prophecy verse from Numbers 24:17: [10] "There shall come a star out of Jacob," [11] referred to him, based on identification of the Hebrew word for star, kokhav, and his name, bar Kozeva.
The Bar Kokhba hiding complexes are underground hideout systems built by Jewish rebels and their communities in Judaea and used during the Bar Kokhba revolt (132–136 CE) against the Roman Empire. [1] The hiding complexes are believed to have played a significant role during the revolt, particularly in Judea proper.
In 132 CE, six decades after the suppression of the revolt, another revolt known as the Bar Kokhba revolt erupted in Judaea. [80] The construction of a Roman colony named Aelia Capitolina over the ruins of Jerusalem and the construction of a temple to Jupiter on the Temple Mount are thought to have been major catalysts for the revolt.
Bar Kokhba revolt (132–135/136) – traditionalist Jewish revolt against Rome [9] Year of the Five Emperors (193–197): Roman war of succession between the generals Septimius Severus , Pescennius Niger and Clodius Albinus following the assassination of Commodus (AD 192) and the subsequent murders of Pertinax and Didius Julianus (AD 193).
Implementation of these plans led to violent opposition, and triggered a full-scale insurrection with the Bar Kokhba revolt (132–136 CE), [67] assisted, according to Dio Cassius, by some other peoples, perhaps Arabs who had recently been subjected by Trajan. [68] The revolt was crushed, with the Jewish population of Judea devastated.
The Second Jewish Revolt can refer to the following: A phase of the Jewish–Roman wars. the Diaspora revolt; the Bar Kokhba revolt;