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An antifreeze is an additive which lowers the freezing point of a water-based liquid. An antifreeze mixture is used to achieve freezing-point depression for cold environments. Common antifreezes also increase the boiling point of the liquid, allowing higher coolant temperature. [ 1 ]
Antifreeze products for automotive use containing propylene glycol in place of ethylene glycol are available, and are generally considered safer to use, as it possesses an unpleasant taste in contrast to the perceived "sweet" taste of toxic ethylene glycol-based coolants, and produces only lactic acid in an animal's body, as their muscles do ...
So, while providing freeze protection and an increased boiling point, ethylene glycol lowers the specific heat capacity of water mixtures relative to pure water. A 1:1 mix by mass has a specific heat capacity of about 3140 J/(kg·°C) (0.75 BTU/(lb·°F)), three quarters that of pure water, thus requiring increased flow rates in same-system ...
This is analogous to water dripping in the back of an overcooled refrigerator and freezing when it hits the shelf. That ice builds up on the shelf until either the fridge warms up or you chip away ...
The affected skin could feel warm, but in actuality, the water in your skin is beginning to freeze. Along with your skin feeling warm, it could cause a “pins and needles” sensation, according ...
Workers spreading salt from a salt truck for deicing the road Freezing point depression is responsible for keeping ice cream soft below 0°C. [1]Freezing-point depression is a drop in the maximum temperature at which a substance freezes, caused when a smaller amount of another, non-volatile substance is added.
Water freezes at 0 °C; however, a mixture of 70% de-icing fluid and 30% water freezes below −55°C. This is known as the eutectic concentration – the mixture proportion where the freezing point of the mixture is at its lowest point, and lower than either of the component substances.
Freeze avoidant: These species are able to prevent their body fluids from freezing altogether. Generally, the AFP function may be overcome at extremely cold temperatures, leading to rapid ice growth and death. Freeze tolerant: These species are able to survive body fluid freezing. Some freeze tolerant species are thought to use AFPs as ...