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  2. List of trigonometric identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_trigonometric...

    Ptolemy's theorem states that the sum of the products of the lengths of opposite sides is equal to the product of the lengths of the diagonals. When those side-lengths are expressed in terms of the sin and cos values shown in the figure above, this yields the angle sum trigonometric identity for sine: sin(α + β) = sin α cos β + cos α sin β.

  3. Exact trigonometric values - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exact_trigonometric_values

    In contrast, by the Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem, the sine or cosine of any non-zero algebraic number is always transcendental. [4] The real part of any root of unity is a trigonometric number. By Niven's theorem, the only rational trigonometric numbers are 0, 1, −1, 1/2, and −1/2. [5]

  4. Small-angle approximation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small-angle_approximation

    The quantity 206 265 ″ is approximately equal to the number of arcseconds in a circle (1 296 000 ″), divided by 2π, or, the number of arcseconds in 1 radian. The exact formula is = ⁡ (″) and the above approximation follows when tan X is replaced by X.

  5. Frequency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency

    Ordinary frequency is related to angular frequency (symbol ω, with SI unit radian per second) by a factor of 2 π. The period (symbol T) is the interval of time between events, so the period is the reciprocal of the frequency: T = 1/f. [2]

  6. Phase (waves) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(waves)

    When the phase difference () is a quarter of turn (a right angle, +90° = π/2 or −90° = 270° = −π/2 = 3π/2), sinusoidal signals are sometimes said to be in quadrature, e.g., in-phase and quadrature components of a composite signal or even different signals (e.g., voltage and current).

  7. Trigonometric functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometric_functions

    When radians (rad) are employed, the angle is given as the length of the arc of the unit circle subtended by it: the angle that subtends an arc of length 1 on the unit circle is 1 rad (≈ 57.3°), and a complete turn (360°) is an angle of 2 π (≈ 6.28) rad.

  8. Negative frequency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_frequency

    A negative frequency causes the sin function (violet) to lead the cos (red) by 1/4 cycle. The ambiguity is resolved when the cosine and sine operators can be observed simultaneously, because cos(ωt + θ) leads sin(ωt + θ) by 1 ⁄ 4 cycle (i.e. π ⁄ 2 radians) when ω > 0, and lags by 1 ⁄ 4 cycle when ω < 0.

  9. Sine and cosine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_and_cosine

    In mathematics, sine and cosine are trigonometric functions of an angle.The sine and cosine of an acute angle are defined in the context of a right triangle: for the specified angle, its sine is the ratio of the length of the side that is opposite that angle to the length of the longest side of the triangle (the hypotenuse), and the cosine is the ratio of the length of the adjacent leg to that ...