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  2. Kidney stone disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_stone_disease

    A number of factors can influence its efficacy, including chemical composition of the stone, presence of anomalous renal anatomy and the specific location of the stone within the kidney, presence of hydronephrosis, body mass index, and distance of the stone from the surface of the skin.

  3. Hydronephrosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydronephrosis

    The signs and symptoms of hydronephrosis depend upon whether the obstruction is acute or chronic, partial or complete, unilateral or bilateral.Hydronephrosis that occurs acutely with sudden onset (as caused by a kidney stone) can cause intense pain in the flank area (between the hips and ribs) known as a renal colic.

  4. Nephritic syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephritic_syndrome

    Urinalysis - After the patient provides a urine specimen, it is sent to the lab for analysis using a variety of methods including urine dipstick testing and microscopic examination. Because the kidney is responsible for making urine, analyzing the urine directly can provide crucial data that can help the physician diagnose nephritic syndrome. [33]

  5. Calculus (medicine) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus_(medicine)

    Many stone types can be detected by ultrasound; Factors contributing to stone formation (as in #Etiology) are often tested: Laboratory testing can give levels of relevant substances in blood or urine; Some stones can be directly recovered (at surgery, or when they leave the body spontaneously) and sent to a laboratory for analysis of content

  6. Renal hypoplasia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_hypoplasia

    Segmental hypoplasia or Ask-Upmark kidney is a rare renal disease where a part of the kidney has undergone hypoplasia. The number of renal lobes is reduced, and the kidney size is less than two standard deviations from the average, with the weight often being over 50g in adults and 12–25g in children.

  7. Fraley syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraley_syndrome

    If left untreated, this disorder may result in chronic infections. [medical citation needed] Most people can function with one working kidney, so if kidney failure occurs it may not impact the overall health of the individual. However, this is a rare occurrence and surgical intervention is almost always performed before this occurs.

  8. Promoting Healthy Choices: Information vs. Convenience - HuffPost

    images.huffingtonpost.com/2012-12-21-promoting...

    importance of these preferences to health behaviors, a recent meta-analysis of reinforcement contingency management (in which people are paid for improving health behaviors) found that the single most important determinant of effect size was whether behavior-contingent rewards

  9. Renal osteodystrophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_osteodystrophy

    Since the diagnosis of these bone abnormalities cannot be obtained correctly by current clinical, biochemical, and imaging methods (including measurement of bone-mineral density), bone biopsy has been, and still remains, the gold standard analysis for assessing the exact type of renal osteodystrophy.