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The history of glass-making dates back to at least 3,600 years ago in Mesopotamia. However, most writers claim that they may have been producing copies of glass objects from Egypt. [1] Other archaeological evidence suggests that the first true glass was made in coastal north Syria, Mesopotamia or Egypt. [2]
Glass as a bead material proved particularly suitable for exportation to Sub-Saharan Africa due to its durable quality and its extremely portable nature. [5] While we know that millions of glass beads have made their way through the African continent, the identification of origin and relative date is often difficult to determine.
If the design is located on the piece, it is authentic sea glass, since artificial glass will typically not have that particular design. [11] Sea glass usually comes from broken glass bottles or other household items, so pieces found on beaches will not be perfectly shaped, unlike artificial sea glass, often sold as beach glass.
Libyan desert glass or Great Sand Sea glass is an impactite, made mostly of lechatelierite, [1] found in areas in the eastern Sahara, in the deserts of eastern Libya and western Egypt. Fragments of desert glass can be found over areas of tens of square kilometers. Like obsidian, it was knapped and used to make tools during the Pleistocene. [2]
In the 1950s, Pilkington Bros., England, developed the float glass process, producing high-quality distortion-free flat sheets of glass by floating on molten tin. [21] Modern multi-story buildings are frequently constructed with curtain walls made almost entirely of glass. [47] Laminated glass has been widely applied to vehicles for windscreens ...
Through LA-ICP-MS analysis, however, Carter found that Cambodia had a large amount of glass beads made of potash glass and predominantly high alumina soda glass. Potash glass is a glass that uses potash or K 2 O as a flux in order to decrease the melting point of the glass and is the most common type of glass found in SE Asia. [22]
The thin-glass bottles were probably made in England, Ard added, as the Spanish did not make their own glass. "Onion bottles are free blown using a pontil," Ard said. "Each one is unique, so there ...
The original Venetian glassmakers were joined by glassmakers from Byzantium and from the Middle East—which enriched their glassmaking knowledge. [4] Glass was made in the Middle East long before it was made in Europe, though Ancient Roman glass made in Italy, Germany and elsewhere could be extremely sophisticated.