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Phage display is also a widely used method for in vitro protein evolution (also called protein engineering). As such, phage display is a useful tool in drug discovery. It is used for finding new ligands (enzyme inhibitors, receptor agonists and antagonists) to target proteins.
Phage display is a technique to screen large libraries of peptides for binding to a target protein. In phage display, the DNA sequence that codes the potential drug-peptide is fused to the gene of the protein coat of bacteriophages and introduced into a vector. Diversity can be introduced to the peptide by mutagenesis. The protein coats ...
Smith first described the technique in 1985 when he displayed peptides on filamentous phage by fusing the peptide of interest onto gene III of filamentous phage. [8] He was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this work, sharing his prize with Greg Winter and Frances Arnold.
Phage display methods are one option for screening proteins. This method involves the fusion of genes encoding the variant polypeptides with phage coat protein genes. Protein variants expressed on phage surfaces are selected by binding with immobilized targets in vitro.
The first step is to have phage display libraries prepared. This involves inserting foreign desired gene segments into a region of the bacteriophage genome, so that the peptide product will be displayed on the surface of the bacteriophage virion. The most often used are genes pIII or pVIII of bacteriophage M13. [5]
These techniques have been extended over the years in many ways, for instance by inserting foreign DNA into the genes coding for phage coat proteins other than gene 3, and/or duplicating the gene of interest to modify only some of the corresponding gene products. Phage display technology has been widely used for many purposes. [35] [36] [37]
John McCafferty is a British scientist, one of the founders of Cambridge Antibody Technology alongside Sir Gregory Winter and David Chiswell. He is well known as one of the inventors of scFv antibody fragment phage display, [1] a technology that revolutionised the monoclonal antibody drug discovery.
The 'Nuts and Bolts' of Phage Therapy. a special issue of the journal, Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, consisting of six articles on phage therapy, plus an editorial. Carnazza, S., Guglielmino, S. eds. 2010. Phage Display As a Tool for Synthetic Biology. Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, New York. ISBN 978-1-60876-987-2, Google Books