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Scotch bonnet (also known as Bonney peppers, or Caribbean red peppers) [1] is a variety of chili pepper named for its supposed resemblance to a Scottish tam o' shanter bonnet. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is native to the Americas —a cultivar of Capsicum chinense , which originated in the Amazon Basin , Central and South America .
The Scoville scale is a measurement of pungency (spiciness or "heat") of chili peppers and other substances, recorded in Scoville heat units (SHU). It is based on the concentration of capsaicinoids , among which capsaicin is the predominant component.
Scotch Bonnet: 150,000–325,000 SHU: 5 cm (2.0 in) Named because of its resemblance to a Tam o' shanter, this fruit is closely related to the habanero and is similarly hot. Due to its heat and distinct flavour, it is often used in Caribbean cuisine. Trinidad moruga scorpion [35] Up to 2,000,000 SHU
Before the early 1990s, there were only two peppers which had been measured above 350,000 SHU, the Scotch bonnet and the habanero. [2] California farmer Frank Garcia used a sport of a habanero to develop a new cultivar, the Red Savina ( C. chinense ), [ 3 ] which was measured at 570,000 in 1994.
Adjuma, adjoema, aji umba, or ojemma [2] is a variety of Capsicum chinense chili pepper, originally from Brazil.The fruits are shaped like small bell peppers, colored red or yellow.
Pepper X resulted from several cross breedings that produced an exceptionally high content of capsaicin in the locules – the plant tissue holding the seeds. [2] The extensive curves and ridges of a Pepper X chili create more surface area for the plant placenta and locules to grow and retain capsaicin, adding to the intensity of heat experienced when a Pepper X is eaten. [2]
The Trinidad scorpion 'Butch T' pepper was, for three years, ranked the most pungent ("hot") pepper in the world according to Guinness World Records. [5] [6] A laboratory test conducted in March 2011 measured a specimen at 1,463,700 Scoville heat units, officially ranking it the hottest pepper in the world at the time.
The C. baccatum species, particularly the ají amarillo chili, has its origins in ancient Peru and across the Andean region of South America. [7] It is typically associated with Peruvian cuisine, and is considered part of its condiment trinity together with red onion and coriander.