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Some features of the original recovery boiler have remained unchanged to this day. It was the first recovery equipment type where all processes occurred in a single vessel. The drying, combustion and subsequent reactions of black liquor all occur inside a cooled furnace. This is the main idea in Tomlinson's work.
White liquor consists mainly of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide in water and is the active component in Kraft pulping. [1] White liquor also contains minor amounts of sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, sodium chloride, calcium carbonate and other accumulated salts and non-process elements. These additional components are ...
Sodium carbonate is obtained as three hydrates and as the anhydrous salt: sodium carbonate decahydrate , Na 2 CO 3 ·10H 2 O, which readily effloresces to form the monohydrate. sodium carbonate heptahydrate (not known in mineral form), Na 2 CO 3 ·7H 2 O. sodium carbonate monohydrate (thermonatrite), Na 2 CO 3 ·H 2 O. Also known as crystal ...
In organic chemistry, a carbonate ester (organic carbonate or organocarbonate) is an ester of carbonic acid. This functional group consists of a carbonyl group flanked by two alkoxy groups. The general structure of these carbonates is R−O−C(=O)−O−R' and they are related to esters ( R−O−C(=O)−R' ), ethers ( R−O−R' ) and also to ...
A white mixture of sucrose and sodium bicarbonate will eventually turn black and the snake will grow about 15–50 centimetres (5.9–19.7 in) long after it is lit. [4] Three chemical reactions occur when the snake is lit. Sodium bicarbonate breaks down into sodium carbonate, water vapor, and carbon dioxide: [2] 2 NaHCO 3 (s) → Na 2 CO 3 (s ...
Under ideal conditions the reaction produces 50% of both the alcohol and the carboxylic acid (it takes two aldehydes to produce one acid and one alcohol). [5] This can be economically viable if the products can be separated and both have a value; the commercial conversion of furfural into furfuryl alcohol and 2-furoic acid is an example of this ...
There are other reactions of carbonyl compounds similar to aldol condensation: When the base is an amine and the active hydrogen compound is sufficiently activated the reaction is called a Knoevenagel condensation. In a Perkin reaction the aldehyde is aromatic and the enolate generated from an anhydride.
The Leblanc process was an early industrial process for making soda ash (sodium carbonate) used throughout the 19th century, named after its inventor, Nicolas Leblanc.It involved two stages: making sodium sulfate from sodium chloride, followed by reacting the sodium sulfate with coal and calcium carbonate to make sodium carbonate.