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Coastal artillery is the branch of the armed forces concerned with operating anti-ship artillery or fixed gun batteries in coastal fortifications. [1] In modern times, coastal artillery has generally been replaced with anti-ship missiles , such as the Ukrainian R-360 Neptune .
Eighteen of the guns were subsequently purchased by Spain for use as coastal artillery. [1] The guns could fire an armour-piercing shell weighing 860 kilograms (1,900 lb) at a velocity of 762 metres per second (2,500 ft/s) or a high-explosive shell weighing 802 kilograms (1,768 lb) to a range of 35,100 metres (115,200 ft).
The 12/80 construction was largely based on the army Haubits 77, sharing the same carriage with auxiliary power unit to make it self-propelled for tactical movement. Even the barrel had similar external dimensions, although the coastal artillery gun had a 12 cm calibre compared to the howitzer's 15,5 cm.
Coastal defence weapons throughout history were heavy naval guns or weapons based on them, often supplemented by lighter weapons. In the late 19th century separate batteries of coastal artillery replaced forts in some countries; in some areas these became widely separated geographically through the mid-20th century as weapon ranges increased.
12-inch coast defense mortar United States: 1895 - 1945 305: 12-inch gun M1895 United States: 1895 - 1945 305: 30.5 cm SK L/50 gun Nazi Germany: 1909 - 1945 340: 340mm/45 Modèle 1912 gun France: World War II: 343: BL 13.5 inch naval gun Mk III disappearing gun United Kingdom: World War I - World War II 343: BL 13.5-inch Mk V railway gun United ...
The Coast Artillery was designated to provide the personnel for all US-manned heavy artillery (155 mm gun and larger), almost all railway artillery, and later anti-aircraft artillery units. As with most US Army World War I equipment, these units were primarily equipped with French- and British-made weapons, with few American-made heavy weapons ...
The Modern Defenses of the Coast of Maine, 1891 - 1945 (Vol.1) The Modern Defenses of the Coast of Maine, 1891 - 1945 (Vol. 2) - Annexes; Insignia of the Coast Artillery Corps at the Coast Defense Study Group; 1929 film of mine planting operations in the Harbor Defenses of Portland, Maine
In the 1960s, the Swedish Coastal Artillery sought to replace several older heavy artillery systems. A study called ERSTA (Ersättning Tungt Artilleri – "Replacement Heavy Artillery") was initiated to ascertain which alternative (conventional artillery, rocket artillery or missiles) would be best for heavy coastal defense.