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Referring to a common salt of fluoride, sodium fluoride (NaF), the lethal dose for most adult humans is estimated at 5 to 10 g (which is equivalent to 32 to 64 mg elemental fluoride/kg body weight). [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Ingestion of fluoride can produce gastrointestinal discomfort at doses at least 15 to 20 times lower (0.2–0.3 mg/kg or 10 to 15 ...
Water fluoridation is not mandatory, and while there is a recommended fluoride concentration in drinking water (0.7 milligrams per liter) from the CDC, that level is not an enforceable standard.
If you drink water that's not from a well, you're getting at least some level of fluoride in your tap water. In fact, 75% of fluoride intake comes from drinking water with added fluoride and from ...
Fluoride also has been added to oral care products such as toothpaste and mouth rinse.In 2015, U.S. health officials lowered the recommended amount of fluoride in drinking water to 0.7 milligrams ...
Fluoridation may be useful in the U.S. because unlike most European countries, the U.S. does not have school-based dental care, many children do not visit a dentist regularly, and for many U.S. children water fluoridation is the prime source of exposure to fluoride. [59] The effectiveness of water fluoridation can vary according to ...
Ligaments and cartilage can become ossified. [2] Most patients with skeletal fluorosis show side effects from the high fluoride dose such as ruptures of the stomach lining and nausea. [3] Fluoride can also damage the parathyroid glands, leading to hyperparathyroidism, the uncontrolled secretion of parathyroid hormones. These hormones regulate ...
U.S. standards recommend fluoride levels of 0.7 milligrams per liter of water, and the NTP’s conclusion applied to water fluorinated at 1.5 milligrams per liter and above.
In November 2006 the American Dental Association published information stating that water fluoridation is safe, effective and healthy; that enamel fluorosis, usually mild and difficult for anyone except a dental health care professional to see, can result from ingesting more than optimal amounts of fluoride in early childhood; that it is safe ...