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The French Revolution (French: Révolution française [ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz]) was a period of political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789, and ended with the coup of 18 Brumaire in November 1799 and the formation of the French Consulate.
If the Revolution was to survive it would have to call on all of the nation's reserves. [39] A second revolution had, indeed, occurred, ushering in universal suffrage for men and, in effect, a republic. However, it did not have the warm and virtually unanimous support that the nation had offered the first.
By the end of 1789 the term Ancien Régime was commonly used in France by journalists and legislators to refer to the institutions of French life before the Revolution. [7] It first appeared in print in English in 1794 (two years after the inauguration of the First French Republic ) and was originally pejorative.
But events in France made the prospect of return to their former way of life uncertain. In November 1791, France passed a law demanding that all noble émigrés return by January 1, 1792. If they chose to disobey, their lands woul be confiscated and sold, and any later attempt to reenter the country would result in execution. [2] [4]
Georges Jacques Danton (French: [ʒɔʁʒ dɑ̃tɔ̃]; 26 October 1759 – 5 April 1794) was a leading figure in the French Revolution.A modest and unknown lawyer on the eve of the Revolution, Danton became a famous orator of the Cordeliers Club and was raised to governmental responsibilities as the French Minister of Justice following the fall of the monarchy on the tenth of August 1792, and ...
It was the last of the Estates General of the Kingdom of France. [ 2 ] Summoned by King Louis XVI , the Estates General of 1789 ended when the Third Estate, along with some members of the other Estates, formed the National Assembly and, against the wishes of the King, invited the other two estates to join.
The Attack on Feudalism in Eighteenth-century France (Routledge, 2013) Markoff, John. Abolition of Feudalism: Peasants, Lords, and Legislators in the French Revolution (Penn State Press, 2010) Scott, H. M. (2005). The Birth of a Great Power System 1740–1815. Stewart, John Hall, ed. A Documentary Survey of the French Revolution (1951) pp. 106–12
When the October journées a took place, France's revolutionary decade, 1789–1799, had only just begun. The storming of the Bastille had occurred less than three months earlier, but the Revolution's capacity for violence was not yet fully realized. Flush with their newly discovered power, the common citizens of France – particularly in ...