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Hesse [a] or Hessen, sometimes known as Hessia in English [b] (German: Hessen ⓘ), officially the State of Hesse (German: Land Hessen), is a state in Germany.Its capital city is Wiesbaden, and the largest urban area is Frankfurt, which is also the country's principal financial centre.
Grand Duchy of Hesse in 1871 Hesse in 1900, divided between several states People's State of Hesse and Hesse-Nassau in 1930 Greater Hesse in Allied-occupied Germany, 1945–1946. This article is about the history of Hesse. Hesse is a state in Germany.
Darmstadt (German: [ˈdaʁmʃtat] ⓘ) is a city in the state of Hesse in Germany, located in the southern part of the Rhine-Main-Area (Frankfurt Metropolitan Region). Darmstadt has around 160,000 inhabitants, making it the fourth largest city in the state of Hesse after Frankfurt am Main, Wiesbaden, and Kassel.
In World War II, Wiesbaden was the headquarters for Germany's Wehrkreis XII. [13] This military district included the Eifel, part of Hesse, the Palatinate, and the Saarland. After the Battle of France, this Wehrkreis was extended to include Lorraine, including Nancy, and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
Marburg (alongside Kassel) was one of the capitals of Hessen from that time until about 1540. Following the first division of the landgraviate, it was the capital of Hessen-Marburg from 1485 to 1500 and again between 1567 and 1605. Hessen was one of the more powerful second-tier principalities in Germany.
The Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel (German: Landgrafschaft Hessen-Kassel), spelled Hesse-Cassel during its entire existence, [a] also known as the Hessian Palatinate (German: Hessische Pfalz), [2] [3] was a state of the Holy Roman Empire. The state was created in 1567 when the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided upon the death of Philip I ...
The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was €207.7 billion in 2018, accounting for 6.2% of German economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was €47,800 or 159% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 127% of the EU average. This makes it one of the wealthiest regions in Germany and Europe. [3]
The town became part of Hesse-Marburg in 1567, passing to Hesse-Darmstadt in 1604. The University of Giessen was founded in 1607. Giessen was included within the Grand Duchy of Hesse created in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. After the First World War, it was part of the People's State of Hesse.