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Melanotic macules can be found on the buccal mucosa, lip, palate, alveolar ridge and gingiva. [8] Melanotic macules are benign pigmented lesions that are found in the oral cavity, caused by an increase in pigmentation in the basal cell layer of the epithelium and the lamina propria.
The ethnic variation may be explained by genetic factors or simply because dark skinned people have greater amount of melanin in the mucosa, making it appear darker (termed racial or physiologic pigmentation). This darker mucosa may make the edematous changes more noticeable, whereas in the mucosa of people with lighter skin types leukoedema ...
Smoker melanosis in a patient consuming 2 packs of cigarette per day. Smoking or the use of nicotine-containing drugs is the cause to Smoker's melanosis. [10] [11] Tar-components (benzopyrenes) are also known to stimulate melanocytes to melanin production, and other unknown toxic agents in tobacco may also be the cause.
Melanin in skin is very common in inhabitants in many parts of the world due to genetic factors. Melanin pigmentation in skin, oral mucosa, inner ear and other organs is a detoxification mechanism. [citation needed] Some toxic agents bind to melanin and will move out of the tissue with the ageing cells and are expelled to the tissue surfaces.
Alveolar mucosa, the lining between the buccal and labial mucosae. It is a brighter red, smooth, and shiny with many blood vessels, and is not connected to underlying tissue by rete pegs. [6] Buccal mucosa, the inside lining of the cheeks; part of the lining mucosa. Labial mucosa, the inside lining of the lips; part of the lining mucosa. [7]
Hyperpigmentation of the gum in a 22 year old non smoker female patient. Healthy gums usually have a color that has been described as "coral pink". Other colours like red, white, and blue can signify inflammation or pathology. Smoking or drug use can cause discoloring as well (such as "meth mouth"). Although described as the colour coral pink ...
To check the oral mucosa, the patient's cheek is exposed with a tongue depressor and the tissues inspected with a penlight. Healthy tissue appears moist, smooth, shiny and pink. Stensen's duct is opposite the second molar.
Amalgam tattoo usually occurs on the mandibular gingiva, often in an area in which an apicoectomy ("root-end filling") with amalgam was carried out. [3]: 138 After the gingiva, the alveolar mucosa and the buccal mucosa are the next most common sites, although any mucosal site in the mouth is possible. [1]