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Glass casting is the process in which glass objects are cast by directing molten glass into a mould where it solidifies. The technique has been used since the 15th century BCE in both Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. Modern cast glass is formed by a variety of processes such as kiln casting or casting into sand, graphite or metal moulds.
Warm glass or kiln-formed glass is the working of glass, usually for artistic purposes, by heating it in a kiln. The processes used depend on the temperature reached and range from fusing and slumping to casting. "Warm glass" is in contrast to the many cold-working glass processes, such as leaded glass.
Fused and kiln-formed glass sculpture. Glass fusing is the joining together of pieces of glass at high temperature, usually in a kiln. [1] [2] This is usually done roughly between 700 °C (1,292 °F) and 820 °C (1,510 °F), [3] [4] and can range from tack fusing at lower temperatures, in which separate pieces of glass stick together but still retain their individual shapes, [5] to full fusing ...
Annealing is a process of slowly cooling hot glass objects after they have been formed, to relieve residual internal stresses introduced during manufacture. Especially for smaller, simpler objects, annealing may be incidental to the process of manufacture, but in larger or more complex products it commonly demands a special process of annealing in a temperature-controlled kiln known as a lehr. [1]
Glass was made in the Middle East long before it was made in Europe, though Ancient Roman glass made in Italy, Germany and elsewhere could be extremely sophisticated. [Note 2] Early products included beads, glass for mosaics, jewelry, small mirrors, and window glass. [8] Venetian glassmaking grew in importance to the city's economy.
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Pauly & C. - Compagnia Venezia Murano is one of the oldest glass factories of Murano: it was founded more than 150 years ago. The company produces glass art, [1] most notably Roman murrine, mosaics and chandeliers. The company was formed in 1919 by a merger of Pauly & C (founded in 1902) and the Compagnia di Venezia e Murano (founded in 1866).
Roller kiln: A special type of kiln, common in tableware and tile manufacture, is the roller-hearth kiln, in which wares placed on bats are carried through the kiln on rollers. In the intermittent kiln, the ware is placed inside the kiln, the kiln is closed, and the internal temperature is increased according to a schedule. After the firing is ...
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