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Levetiracetam, sold under the brand name Keppra among others, is a novel antiepileptic drug [7] used to treat epilepsy. [8] It is used for partial-onset , myoclonic , or tonic–clonic seizures, [ 7 ] and is taken either by mouth as an immediate or extended release formulation or by injection into a vein .
In pharmacokinetics, a loading dose is an initial higher dose of a drug that may be given at the beginning of a course of treatment before dropping down to a lower maintenance dose. [1] A loading dose is most useful for drugs that are eliminated from the body relatively slowly, i.e. have a long systemic half-life.
For substances that exhibit substantial plasma protein binding, clearance is generally dependent on the total concentration (free + protein-bound) and not the free concentration. [ 9 ] Most plasma substances have primarily their free concentrations regulated, which thus remains the same, so extensive protein binding increases total plasma ...
Absorption half-life 1 h, elimination half-life 12 h. Biological half-life ( elimination half-life , pharmacological half-life ) is the time taken for concentration of a biological substance (such as a medication ) to decrease from its maximum concentration ( C max ) to half of C max in the blood plasma .
t 1/2 is the half-life time of the drug, which is the time needed for the plasma drug concentration to drop to its half Therefore, the amount of drug present in the body at time t A t {\displaystyle A_{t}} is;
The absorption rate constant K a is a value used in pharmacokinetics to describe the rate at which a drug enters into the system. It is expressed in units of time −1. [1] The K a is related to the absorption half-life (t 1/2a) per the following equation: K a = ln(2) / t 1/2a. [1] K a values can typically only be found in research articles. [2]
An equianalgesic chart can be a useful tool, but the user must take care to correct for all relevant variables such as route of administration, cross tolerance, half-life and the bioavailability of a drug. [5] For example, the narcotic levorphanol is 4–8 times stronger than morphine, but also has a much longer half-life. Simply switching the ...
The plasma half-life or half life of elimination is the time required to eliminate 50% of the absorbed dose of a drug from an organism. Or put another way, the time that it takes for the plasma concentration to fall by half from its maximum levels.