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  2. Genetic distance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_distance

    This distance assumes that genetic differences arise due to mutation and genetic drift, but this distance measure is known to give more reliable population trees than other distances particularly for microsatellite DNA data. This method is not ideal in cases where natural selection plays a significant role in a populations genetics.

  3. Centimorgan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centimorgan

    In genetics, a centimorgan (abbreviated cM) or map unit (m.u.) is a unit for measuring genetic linkage. It is defined as the distance between chromosome positions (also termed loci or markers) for which the expected average number of intervening chromosomal crossovers in a single generation is 0.01. It is often used to infer distance along a ...

  4. Gene mapping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_mapping

    There are two distinctive mapping approaches used in the field of genome mapping: genetic maps (also known as linkage maps) [7] and physical maps. [3] While both maps are a collection of genetic markers and gene loci, [8] genetic maps' distances are based on the genetic linkage information, while physical maps use actual physical distances usually measured in number of base pairs.

  5. Human evolutionary genetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_evolutionary_genetics

    Distance on a phylogenetic tree can be used approximately to indicate: Genetic distance. The genetic difference between humans and chimpanzees is less than 2%, [4] or three times larger than the variation among modern humans (estimated at 0.6%). [5] Temporal remoteness of the most recent common ancestor.

  6. Physical mapping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_mapping

    Physical map is a technique used in molecular biology to find the order and physical distance between DNA base pairs by DNA markers. [1] It is one of the gene mapping techniques which can determine the sequence of DNA base pairs with high accuracy. Genetic mapping, another approach of gene mapping, can provide markers needed for the physical ...

  7. Genetic map function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_map_function

    Where d is the distance in map units, the Morgan Mapping Function states that the recombination frequency r can be expressed as =.This assumes that one crossover occurs, at most, in an interval between two loci, and that the probability of the occurrence of this crossover is proportional to the map length of the interval.

  8. Race and genetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_genetics

    Within a species, genetic distance measures divergence between subgroups. Genetic distance significantly correlates to geographic distance between populations, a phenomenon sometimes known as "isolation by distance". [73] Genetic distance may be the result of physical boundaries restricting gene flow such as islands, deserts, mountains or forests.

  9. Distance matrices in phylogeny - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance_matrices_in_phylogeny

    The distance matrix can come from a number of different sources, including measured distance (for example from immunological studies) or morphometric analysis, various pairwise distance formulae (such as euclidean distance) applied to discrete morphological characters, or genetic distance from sequence, restriction fragment, or allozyme data.

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