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Soul dualism, also called dualistic pluralism or multiple souls, is a range of beliefs that a person has two or more kinds of souls.In many cases, one of the souls is associated with body functions ("body soul") and the other one can leave the body ("free soul" or "wandering soul").
Two "souls" is a common folk belief, and reinforced by yin-yang theory. These paired souls can be called hun and po, hunpo and shen, or linghun and shen. Three "souls" comes from widespread beliefs that the soul of a dead person can exist in the multiple locations. The missionary Justus Doolittle recorded that Chinese people in Fuzhou
The binary nature of two-spirit, or the idea of having two spirits in one body, is not a theme found in the traditional gender roles for Native people, and concerns about this misrepresentation have been voiced since the 1990 conference where the term was adopted.
Hun and po—the types of souls in Chinese philosophy and traditional religion. Within this ancient soul dualism tradition, every living human has both a hun spiritual, ethereal, yang soul which leaves the body after death, and also a po corporeal, substantive, yin soul which remains with the corpse of the deceased. Medjed; Mitama
Plotinus believed in two parts of the soul, a higher level rational part and the lower level portion located in the entire body. [2] Plotinus saw the soul as a tool of universal structure and one of two parts of the human form: body and soul. [15]
For Aristotle, the first two souls, based on the body, perish when the living organism dies, [3] [4] whereas there remains an immortal and perpetual intellective part of mind. [5] For Plato, however, the soul was not dependent on the physical body; he believed in metempsychosis , the migration of the soul to a new physical body. [ 6 ]
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[77] [76] [78] [79] [80] It is the belief that humans have two or more souls, generally termed the "body soul", or "life soul", and the "free soul". The former is linked to bodily functions and awareness when awake, while the latter can freely wander during sleep or trance states.