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The ciliospinal reflex (pupillary-skin reflex) consists of dilation of the ipsilateral pupil in response to pain applied to the neck, face, and upper trunk. If the right side of the neck is subjected to a painful stimulus, the right pupil dilates (increases in size 1-2mm from baseline).
Hanger reflex - reflex of unclear purpose that causes the head to rotate to the right when the top sides of the head are under pressure, named because it can be easily activated with a coat hanger; Hering–Breuer reflex — is a reflex triggered to prevent over-inflation of the lung
The SCG receives pre-ganglionic sympathetic afferents from the ciliospinal center which synapse in the ganglion. Post-ganglionic efferents then leave the SCG and join the internal carotid nerve plexus of the internal carotid artery, accompanying first this artery and subsequently its branches to reach the orbit and ultimately innervate the dilator pupillae muscle to mediate pupillary dilatation.
The ciliospinal center (also known as Budge's center [1]) is a cluster of [citation needed] pre-ganglionic sympathetic neuron cell bodies located in the intermediolateral cell column (of the cornu laterale) at spinal cord segment (C8: Anatomic variation) T1-T2 [2]
loss of ciliospinal reflex; bloodshot conjunctiva, depending on the site of lesion. unilateral straight hair (in congenital Horner's syndrome); the hair on the affected side may be straight in some cases. heterochromia iridum (in congenital Horner's syndrome) [4] Interruption of sympathetic pathways leads to several implications.
In biology, a reflex, or reflex action, is an involuntary, unplanned sequence or action [1] and nearly instantaneous response to a stimulus. [2] [3] The simplest reflex is initiated by a stimulus, which activates an afferent nerve. The signal is then passed to a response neuron, which generates a response.
The vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR) is a reflex eye movement that stabilizes images on the retina during head movement by producing an eye movement in the direction opposite to head movement, thus preserving the image on the center of the visual field. For example, when the head moves to the right, the eyes move to the left, and vice versa.
The olivocochlear system is a component of the auditory system involved with the descending control of the cochlea.Its nerve fibres, the olivocochlear bundle (OCB), form part of the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIIIth cranial nerve, also known as the auditory-vestibular nerve), and project from the superior olivary complex in the brainstem to the cochlea.