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Congenital amputation is birth without a limb or limbs, or without a part of a limb or limbs.. It is known to be caused by blood clots forming in the fetus while in utero (vascular insult) and from amniotic band syndrome: fibrous bands of the amnion that constrict fetal limbs to such an extent that they fail to form or actually fall off due to missing blood supply.
Transverse hemimelia is a congenital absence of part or all of a limb (including hand or foot) and is called amelia when the entire limb is missing. [2] [4] Paraxial hemimelia means partial absence of one of the elements of the limb in the longitudinal axis (in phocomelia there is no complete absence of a part of the limb). [2]
Amelia is the birth defect of lacking one or more limbs. [1] [2] The term may be modified to indicate the number of legs or arms missing at birth, such as tetra-amelia for the absence of all four limbs.
Congenital limb deformities are congenital musculoskeletal disorders which primarily affect the upper and lower limbs. An example is polydactyly , where a foot or hand has more than 5 digits. Clubfoot , one of the most common congenital deformities of the lower limbs, occurs approximately 1 in 1000 births.
Constriction ring syndrome (CRS) is a congenital disorder with unknown cause. Because of the unknown cause there are many different, and sometimes incorrect, names. It is a malformation due to intrauterine bands or rings that produce deep grooves in (most commonly distal) extremities such as fingers and toes.
Amputation is the removal of a limb by trauma, medical illness, or surgery.As a surgical measure, it is used to control pain or a disease process in the affected limb, such as malignancy or gangrene.
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Cause. Such defects are mainly the results of genetic disorders, but some teratogenic (or environmental) factors have been identified, ...