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It is known that the human microbiome (such as the gut microbiota) is highly variable both within a single subject and among different individuals, a phenomenon which is also observed in mice. [5] On 13 June 2012, a major milestone of the HMP was announced by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) director Francis Collins. [13]
Escherichia coli, one of the many species of bacteria present in the human gut. Gut microbiota, gut microbiome, or gut flora are the microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, that live in the digestive tracts of animals. [1] [2] The gastrointestinal metagenome is the aggregate of all the genomes of the gut microbiota.
The oral microbiota consists of all the microorganisms that exist in the mouth. It is the second largest of the human body and made of various bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. [14] These organisms play an important role in oral and overall health. Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek was the first to view these organisms using a microscope he created ...
Recognizing how the stress and circadian systems interact and are impacted by gut microbiota is critical to better understanding the role of these systems in a variety of mental health disorders ...
There is evidence that adults with seasonal allergies have a unique gut microbiome—which includes the population of bacteria in the digestive system—compared with those who don’t experience ...
Additionally, we established the role of gut microbiota and its metabolites as central to endometriosis pathogenesis, offering new avenues for combating the disease.” – Ramakrishna Kommagani, PhD
The gut microbiota are very important for the host health because they play role in degradation of non-digestible polysaccharides (fermentation of resistant starch, oligosaccharides, inulin) strengthening gut integrity or shaping the intestinal epithelium, harvesting energy, protecting against pathogens, and regulating host immunity.
The composition of human gut microbiota changes over time, when the diet changes, and as overall health changes. [26] [30] In general, the average human has over 1000 species of bacteria in their gut microbiome, with Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes being the dominant phyla. Diets higher in processed foods and unnatural chemicals can negatively ...
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