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Photomicrograph of the microflora Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria, 900x mag. In microbiology , collective bacteria and other microorganisms in a host are historically known as flora . Although microflora is commonly used, the term microbiota is becoming more common as microflora is a misnomer.
Microbiota include bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, and viruses, [2] [3] and have been found to be crucial for immunologic, hormonal, and metabolic homeostasis of their host. The term microbiome describes either the collective genomes of the microbes that reside in an ecological niche or else the microbes themselves. [4] [5] [6]
The microbiome is defined as a characteristic microbial community occupying a reasonable well-defined habitat which has distinct physio-chemical properties. The microbiome not only refers to the microorganisms involved but also encompass their theatre of activity, which results in the formation of specific ecological niches.
Graphic depicting the human skin microbiota, with relative prevalences of various classes of bacteria. The human microbiome is the aggregate of all microbiota that reside on or within human tissues and biofluids along with the corresponding anatomical sites in which they reside, [1] [2] including the gastrointestinal tract, skin, mammary glands, seminal fluid, uterus, ovarian follicles, lung ...
Gut microbiota, gut microbiome, or gut flora are the microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, that live in the digestive tracts of animals. [1] [2] The gastrointestinal metagenome is the aggregate of all the genomes of the gut microbiota. [3] [4] The gut is the main location of the human microbiome. [5]
S. mutans is the main component of the oral microbiota. [15] A healthy oral microbiome decreases oral infections and promotes a healthy gut microbiome. However, when disturbed, it can lead to gum inflammations and bad breath. [16] Dental plaque is formed when oral microorganisms form biofilms on the surfaces of teeth.
[22] [23] This is done by comparing animals with a standard commensal gut microbiome to germ free, or by colonising a germ free animal with an organism of interest. The gut microbiota can vary between research facilities which can be a confounder in experiments and be a cause of lack of reproducibility. [24]
The initial acquisition of microbiota is the formation of an organism's microbiota immediately before and after birth. The microbiota (also called flora) are all the microorganisms including bacteria, archaea and fungi that colonize the organism. The microbiome is another term for microbiota or can refer to the collected genomes.