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  2. Zero-byte file - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-byte_file

    There are many ways that could manually create a zero-byte file, for example, saving empty content in a text editor, using utilities provided by operating systems, or programming to create it. On Unix-like systems, the shell command $ touch filename results in a zero-byte file filename. Zero-byte files may arise in cases where a program creates ...

  3. Sparse file - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparse_file

    In computer science, a sparse file is a type of computer file that attempts to use file system space more efficiently when the file itself is partially empty. This is achieved by writing brief information ( metadata ) representing the empty blocks to the data storage media instead of the actual "empty" space which makes up the block, thus ...

  4. mkfs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mkfs

    The default options for the command are stored in the file mke2fs.conf, usually in the /etc directory. Depending on the implementation and the specific file system requested, the command may have many options that can be specified such as inode size, block size, volume label, and other features. [7] (See file system for details)

  5. List of FTP commands - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_FTP_commands

    Accept the data and to store the data as a file at the server site STOU RFC 959 Store file uniquely. STRU RFC 959 Set file transfer structure. SYST RFC 959 Return system type. THMB Streamlined FTP Command Extensions: Get a thumbnail of a remote image file TYPE RFC 959 Sets the transfer mode (ASCII/Binary). USER RFC 959 Authentication username. XCUP

  6. dd (Unix) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dd_(Unix)

    dd is a command-line utility for Unix, Plan 9, Inferno, and Unix-like operating systems and beyond, the primary purpose of which is to convert and copy files. [1] On Unix, device drivers for hardware (such as hard disk drives) and special device files (such as /dev/zero and /dev/random) appear in the file system just like normal files; dd can also read and/or write from/to these files ...

  7. qcow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qcow

    This allows for smaller file sizes than raw disk images, which allocate the whole image space to a file, even if parts of it are empty. This is particularly useful for file systems that do not support sparse files, such as FAT32. [5] The qcow format also allows storing changes made to a read-only base image on a separate qcow file by using copy ...

  8. UnionFS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UnionFS

    Unionfs can also be used to create a single common template for a number of file systems, or for security reasons. It is sometimes used as an ad hoc snapshotting system. Docker uses file systems inspired by Unionfs, such as Aufs, to layer Docker images. As actions are done to a base image, layers are created and documented, such that each layer ...

  9. Sparse image - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparse_image

    Instead of a single big file, a sparse bundle is a bundle (directory) containing a number of files called bands, each on the order of 8 MB in size. This means even though to the end user the sparse bundle appears as a single file, it is composed of smaller files. As of Mac OS X 10.8, the bands are 8 MiB (8 × 1024 2 byte) each. When the content ...