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Thiamine deficiency is a medical condition of low levels of thiamine (vitamin B 1). [1] A severe and chronic form is known as beriberi. [1] [7] The name beriberi was possibly borrowed in the 18th century from the Sinhalese phrase බැරි බැරි (bæri bæri, “I cannot, I cannot”), owing to the weakness caused by the condition.
Calcium and magnesium have been shown to affect the distribution of thiamine in the body and magnesium deficiency has been shown to aggravate thiamine deficiency. [22] Thiamine contents in human tissues are less than those of other species. [16] [64] The half-life of thiamine content stored in human body is about 9-18 days. [62]
Vitamin B 1 analogues are analogues of vitamin B 1, thiamine. They typically have improved bioavailability relative to thiamine itself, and are used to treat conditions caused by vitamin B 1 deficiency. These conditions include beriberi, Korsakoff's syndrome, Wernicke's encephalopathy and diabetic neuropathy.
He called this "the anti-beriberi factor", which was later identified as vitamin B 1, thiamine. [38] In 1930, Paul Karrer elucidated the correct structure for beta-carotene, the main precursor of vitamin A, and identified other carotenoids.
Low plasma tryptophan is a non-specific indicator, meaning it can have other causes. The signs and symptoms of niacin deficiency start to revert within days of oral supplementation with large amounts of the vitamin. [23] [24] Chronic alcoholism is a contributing risk factor. Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B 5) deficiency: Irritability, fatigue, and ...
H 2 O + thiamine <=> 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine + 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole + H + [5] Produced by a wide range of plants and bacteria. In these organisms, it is mainly responsible for salvage of thiamine pyrimidine from degradation products, rather than the breakdown of thiamine. [5] In bacteria, it stays inside their ...
Thiamine pyrophosphate is a cofactor that is present in all living systems, in which it catalyzes several biochemical reactions. Thiamine pyrophosphate is synthesized in the cytosol and is required in the cytosol for the activity of transketolase and in the mitochondria for the activity of pyruvate-, oxoglutarate- and branched chain keto acid ...
Korsakoff syndrome (KS) [1] is a disorder of the central nervous system characterized by amnesia, deficits in explicit memory, and confabulation.This neurological disorder is caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B 1) in the brain, and it is typically associated with and exacerbated by the prolonged, excessive ingestion of alcohol. [2]